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. 2021 Jul 26;11(7):e049282. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049282

Table 5.

Association between men’s current alcohol use, harmful alcohol use and physical IPV and NPSV perpetration in the past year*


Study

Alcohol use
No IPV IPV
aOR (95% CI)†

P value
No NPSV NPSV aOR (95% CI)† P value
n (%)* n (%)* n (%)* n (%)*
Stepping Stones and Creating Futures, South Africa None 118 (56.7) 90 (43.3) 1 138 (66.4) 70 (33.7) 1
Moderate 109 (64.1) 61 (35.9) 0.73 (0.48 to 1.11) 0.078 125 (73.5) 45 (26.5) 0.71 (0.45 to 1.11) 0.134
Harmful 108 (36.7) 186 (63.3) 2.32 (1.61 to 3.34) <0.001 148 (50.3) 146 (49.7) 2.02 (1.40 to 2.92) 0.001
Sonke CHANGE trial, South Africa None 594 (68.8) 270 (31.3) 1 617 (71.5) 246 (28.5) 1
Moderate 388 (67.1) 190 (32.9) 1.07 (0.85 to 1.34) 0.694 430 (74.4) 148 (25.6) 0.85 (0.67 to 1.08) 0.201
Harmful 460 (48.6) 487 (51.4) 2.32 (1.92 to 2.82) <0.001 506 (53.5) 439 (46.5) 2.18 (1.79 to 2.65) <0.001
COMBAT, Ghana None 1042 (93.7) 70 (6.3) 1 1040 (93.5) 72 (6.5) 1
Moderate 480 (84.2) 90 (15.8) 3.18 (2.28 to 4.45) <0.001 508 (89.1) 62 (10.9) 1.98 (1.38 to 2.83) 0.001
Harmful 216 (74.2) 75 (25.8) 5.68 (3.96 to 8.15) <0.001 229 (78.7) 62 (21.3) 4.45 (3.06 to 6.47) <0.001
Indashyikirwa-couples, Rwanda None 746 (82.5) 158 (17.5) 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a
Moderate 360 (72.6) 136 (27.4) 1.91 (1.47 to 2.48) <0.001 n/a n/a n/a n/a
Harmful 137 (55.9) 108 (44.1) 3.87 (2.84 to 5.25) <0.001 n/a n/a n/a n/a
Indashyikirwa-community, Rwanda None 700 (80.5) 170 (19.5) 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a
Moderate 246 (68.3) 114 (31.7) 1.94 (1.47 to 2.57) <0.001 n/a n/a n/a n/a
Harmful 78 (48.8) 82 (51.3) 4.41 (3.10 to 6.29) <0.001 n/a n/a n/a n/a
Overall effect None 3200 (80.9) 758 (19.2) 1 1795 (82.2) 388 (17.8) 1
Moderate 1583 (72.8) 591 (27.2) 1.57 (1.04 to 2.38) 0.033 1063 (80.7) 255 (19.3) 1.06 (0.67 to 1.70) 0.801
Harmful 999 (51.6) 938 (48.4) 3.45 (2.56 to 4.64) <0.001 883 (57.7) 647 (42.3) 2.64 (1.85 to 3.76) <0.001

Bold values significance is to indicate and hightlight to the reader that these are statisitically significant results e.g. p<0.001.

*All row percentages.

†All models adjusted for participant’s age.

aOR, adjusted OR; COMBAT, Community Based Action Teams; IPV, intimate partner violence; NPSV, non-partner sexual violence.