Table 3.
Associations between co-variables and depression, anxiety, and stress.
| Depression | Anxiety | Stress | |
|---|---|---|---|
| COVID pandemic | |||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.68 (1.16, 2.44)⁎ | 0.88 (0.60, 1.29) | 0.42 (0.29, 0.61)⁎ |
| Maternal age (year) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) |
| Maternal weight status | |||
| Underweight | 1.17 (0.90, 1.01) | 1.23 (0.96, 1.58) | 1.16 (0.90, 1.50) |
| Normal weight | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Overweight | 0.93 (0.71, 1.21) | 0.85 (0.65, 1.11) | 0.99(0.78, 1.27) |
| Obesity | 0.39 (0.22, 0.71)⁎ | 0.42 (0.23, 0.74)⁎ | 0.80 (0.53, 1.22) |
| Maternal educational level | |||
| Middle school or less | 0.97 (0.74, 1.28) | 1.02 (0.79, 1.33) | 1.39 (1.07, 1.81)⁎ |
| High school | 1.48 (1.11, 1.97)⁎ | 1.39 (1.04, 1.86)⁎ | 1.67 (1.23, 2.27)⁎ |
| College or above | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Number of pregnancies | |||
| 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 2 | 0.89 (0.68, 1.18) | 1.05 (0.81, 1.36) | 1.31 (1.01, 1.69)⁎ |
| ≥3 | 0.84 (0.60, 1.19) | 1.02 (0.74, 1.41) | 1.20 (0.87, 1.65) |
| Parity | |||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| ≥1 | 1.25 (0.93, 1.69) | 1.08 (0.82, 1.43) | 0.91 (0.69, 1.20) |
| Vaginal bleeding | |||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.32 (1.02, 1.71)⁎ | 1.41 (1.09, 1.81)⁎ | 1.51 (1.16, 1.98)⁎ |
| Assessment trimesters (week) | |||
| 0–20 | 0.90 (0.51, 1.57) | 0.50 (0.25, 0.98)⁎ | 0.76 (0.44, 1.31) |
| 20–28 | 0.72 (0.51, 1.03) | 0.80 (0.56, 1.14) | 0.84 (0.59, 1.20) |
| ≥28 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
⁎p < 0.05.