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. 2021 May 1;203(9):1149–1157. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202007-2993OC

Table 2.

Association of Aging Biomarkers with ILA in the Framingham Heart Study

Biomarker Unadjusted Odds of ILA
Adjusted Odds of ILA*
  Adjusted Odds of ILA
OR (95% CI) P Value OR (95% CI)   P Value OR (95% CI) P Value
GDF15, ln 12.2 (7.8–19.2) <0.0001 3.2 (1.7–5.9)   0.0002 3.4 (1.8–6.4) 0.0002
TNFR, ln 8.0 (4.8–13.1) <0.0001 2.4 (1.3–4.3)   0.004 3.1 (1.6–5.8) 0.0004
IL-6, ln 2.3 (1.9–2.8) <0.0001 1.8 (1.4–2.2)   <0.0001 1.8 (1.4–2.4) <0.0001
CRP, ln 1.5 (1.3–1.7) <0.0001 1.5 (1.3–1.8)   <0.0001 1.7 (1.3–2.0) <0.0001
Insulin, ln 1.4 (1.1–1.9) 0.01 1.6 (1.1–2.2)   0.01 1.7 (1.4–2.0) 0.01
HGBA1C, 1% 1.5 (1.2–1.9) 0.0003 1.2 (0.9–1.5)   0.16
Cystatin-C, 0.1 mg/L 1.3 (1.2–1.5) <0.0001 1.1 (1.0–1.2)   0.21
IGFBP1, ln 1.3 (1.1–1.5) 0.0006 1.0 (0.8–1.3)   0.79
IGF1, ln 1.0 (1.0–1.0) 0.02 1.0 (1.0–1.0)   0.37
IGFBP3, ln 1.0 (1.0–1.0) 0.13 1.0 (1.0–1.0)   0.66

Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; CRP = C-reactive protein; GDF15 = growth differentiation factor 15; HGBA1C = Hb A1C; IGF = insulin-like growth factor; IGFBP = IGF binding protein; ILA = interstitial lung abnormalities; ln = natural log transformed; OR = odds ratio; TNFR = tumor necrosis factor α receptor II.

*

All models are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, current smoking, smoking pack-years, and familial correlation. Each biomarker is included in its own model. ORs depict an ln increase in biomarkers, as noted.

Additionally adjusted for coronary arterial calcium score and adjudicated clinical coronary heart disease.