Table 3.
Association of Aging Biomarkers with Mortality in the Framingham Heart Study
| Biomarker | Unadjusted Hazards of Death |
Adjusted Hazards of Death* |
Adjusted Hazards of Death† |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| GDF15, ln | 7.7 (5.3–11.4) | <0.0001 | 2.1 (1.3–3.5) | 0.002 | 2.0 (1.1–3.5) | 0.02 |
| TNFR, ln | 10.3 (6.7–15.7) | <0.0001 | 2.3 (1.3–4.0) | 0.003 | 1.8 (1.0–3.3) | 0.05 |
| IL-6, ln | 2.0 (1.6–2.4) | <0.0001 | 1.4 (1.1–3.0) | 0.02 | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 0.07 |
| HGBA1C, 1% | 1.5 (1.3–1.6) | <0.0001 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 0.02 | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 0.007 |
| IGFBP1, ln | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | <0.0001 | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 0.02 | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 0.01 |
| Cystatin-C, 0.1 mg/L | 1.2 (1.2–1.3) | <0.0001 | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.02 | 2.0 (0.9–4.4) | 0.08 |
| Insulin, ln | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 0.009 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.86 | — | — |
| CRP, ln | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 0.04 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.35 | — | — |
| IGFBP3, ln | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.08 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.87 | — | — |
| IGF1, ln | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.14 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.36 | — | — |
Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; CRP = C-reactive protein; GDF15 = growth differentiation factor 15; HR = hazard ratio; HGBA1C = Hb A1C; IGF = insulin-like growth factor; IGFBP = IGF binding protein; ln = natural log–transformed; TNFR = tumor necrosis factor α receptor II.
*
All models adjusted for interstitial lung abnormalities, age, sex, body mass index, current smoking, smoking pack-years, and familial correlation. Each biomarker is included in its own model. HRs depict an ln increase in biomarkers, as noted.
†
Additionally adjusted for coronary arterial calcium score and adjudicated clinical coronary heart disease.