Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics of Study Variables for Treatment and Control Groups
| Variable | Age(s) | n | Mean (SD) | ||
| FCU | Control | FCU | Control | ||
| Positive Behavior Support | 2 | 317 | 313 | −.04 (.62) | .00 (.00) |
| 3 | 317 | 313 | .07 (.81) | .00 (.00) | |
| Extracurricular involvement | 7.5, 8.5, 9.5 | 281 | 288 | 2.43 (1.31) | 2.29 (1.38) |
| Externalizing problems | 2 | 317 | 312 | 20.65 (7.35) | 20.49 (6.95) |
| Household income | 2 1 | 313 | 309 | $20,014 ($11,147) | $19,594 ($12,062) |
| 7.5, 8.5, 9.5 | 280 | 286 | $28,440 ($17,782) | $28,492 ($15,362) | |
| Variable | Group | n (%) | |||
| FCU | Control | ||||
| Study site | Charlottesville, VA | 85 (27%) | 83 (27%) | ||
| Eugene, OR | 116 (37%) | 114 (36%) | |||
| Pittsburgh, PA | 116 (37%) | 116 (37%) | |||
| Child race | White | 157 (50%) | 157 (50%) | ||
| Black/African American | 89 (28%) | 85 (27%) | |||
| Biracial | 43 (14%) | 44 (14%) | |||
| Other | 24 (8%) | 25 (8%) | |||
| Child ethnicity | Hispanic/Latinx | 44 (14%) | 42 (13%) | ||
| Not Hispanic/Latinx | 263 (84%) | 266 (85%) | |||
| Unknown | 8 (3%) | 5 (2%) | |||
| Maternal education (age 2) | Did not complete high school | 69 (22%) | 77 (25%) | ||
| High school or GED | 141 (45%) | 118 (38%) | |||
| Partial college/special training | 71 (22%) | 84 (27%) | |||
| 2- or 4-year college degree | 36 (11%) | 34 (11%) | |||
Note. All differences between the FCU and control groups on study variables were not significant.
1
Age 2 household income was estimated based on a .5 to 10 coding scale, where .5 represented ≤ $4999 and 10 represented ≥ $90,000. A 1-point increase in household income represented a $9999 increase in annual income.