Table 1.

Currently ongoing trials of glucose and glutamine metabolic interventions combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Metabolic agent	Immune-checkpoint inhibitor	Cancer types	Study phase	Status	Clinical Trials Reference
Glucose metabolism inhibitors
Metformin	Nivolumab	III–IV NSCLC	II	Active, not recruiting	NCT03048500
	Nivolumab	Refractory MSS Colorectal Cancer	II	Active, not recruiting	NCT03800602
	Sintilimab	SCLC	II	Recruiting	NCT03994744
	Pembrolizumab	Advanced Melanoma	I	Recruiting	NCT03311308
	Nivolumab and	Solid Tumor	II	Recruiting	NCT04114136
	Pembrolizumab
Inhibitors of glutamine and glutamate pathway
Trigriluzole	Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab	Metastatic or Unresectable	I	Completed	NCT03229279
		Solid tumors or Lymphoma
Telaglenastat	Pembrolizumab	KEAPl/NRF2-mutated,	II	Recruiting	NCT04265534
		stage IV, nonsquamous, NSLC
	Nivolumab	Melanoma, ccRCC and NSCLC	I/II	Completed	NCT02771626
DRP-104	Atezolizumab	Advanced solid tumors	I/II	Recruiting	NCT04471415

Metformin (Various effects on glucose metabolism and levels); Trigriluzole (FC/BHV-4157; reduces extracellular glutamate levels by promoting uptake and inhibiting the release of this amino acid); Telaglenastat (CB-839, glutaminase 1 inhibitor); DRP-104 (Sirpiglenastat, a glutamine antagonist); Nivolumab (anti-PD-1 antibody); Sintilimab (anti-PD-1 antibody); Pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 antibody); Pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 antibody); Atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1 antibody); NSCLC, non-small-cell lung carcinoma; SCLC, small cell lung cancer; ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma.