Table 1.
Descriptive and diagnostic statistics for ADHD and control groups
| Variable | ADHD (n = 42) | Control (n = 44) | F or Xb | Partial-etab |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (months; mean, SD) | 9.41, 0.78 | 9.35, 0.66 | 0.13 | .002 |
| Child biological sex (% male) | 81.0% | 40.9% | 14.41 | .409* |
| Ethnicity and Race (% White) | 88.1% | 81.8% | 0.66 | .088 |
| Fam. Income (% < $50 K) | 35.7% | 27.3% | 0.71 | .091 |
| Stimulant Med. (% on med.) | 61.9% | 0.0% | 35.48 | .642* |
| WISC-IVa FSIQb (mean, SD) | 107.93, 13.97 | 116.11, 12.39 | 8.28 | .090* |
| Parent biological sex (% male) | 14.3% | 6.8% | 1.28 | .122 |
| ADHD-RSc-Parent Report (mean, SD) | ||||
| Hyperactive/Impulsive T-score | 71.38, 15.15 | 44.09, 7.63 | 112.83 | .573* |
| Inattentive T-score | 71.05, 11.90 | 44.32, 8.62 | 143.36 | .631* |
| Total T-score | 72.74, 13.47 | 44.02, 8.38 | 142.36 | .629* |
| Hyperactive Symptoms | 5.26, 2.68 | 0.27, 0.90 | 136.63 | .619* |
| Inattentive Symptoms | 6.10, 2.77 | 0.32, 1.43 | 150.17 | .641* |
| ADHD-RS-Teacher Report (mean, SD) | ||||
| Hyperactive/Impulsive T-score | 56.23, 9.16 | 44.62, 4.72 | 47.98 | .397* |
| Inattentive T-score | 56.71, 7.07 | 43.12, 4.18 | 102.99 | .585* |
| Total T-score | 56.90, 7.80 | 43.43, 4.28 | 86.51 | .542* |
| Hyperactive Symptoms | 3.76, 3.06 | 0.16, 0.44 | 51.55 | .414* |
| Inattentive Symptoms | 4.84, 2.98 | 0.25, 0.73 | 84.62 | .537* |
| CD Symptoms | 0.27, 0.65 | 0.00, 0.00 | 6.54 | .082* |
| ODD Symptoms | 1.38, 2.27 | 0.05, 0.32 | 12.75 | .149* |
| Comorbid Disorders (%; K-SADSd,e) | ||||
| Mood Disorder (past year) | 7.1% | 0.0% | 3.26 | .195 |
| Anxiety Disorder | 26.2% | 4.5% | 7.85 | .302* |
| Conduct Disorder (CD) | 2.4% | 0.0% | 1.06 | .111 |
| Oppositional Defiant (ODD) | 11.9% | 0.0% | 5.56 | .254* |
| Any Comorbid Diagnosis | 38.1% | 4.5% | 14.62 | .412* |
Differing superscripts (*) indicate comparisons that were significant p < .05 for continuous variables via ANOVA, including: age, estimated full-scale IQ, ADHD-RS and Conner's parent and teacher rating scales; and for categorical variables va Chi-square, including: child sex, race, family income, parent gender, child medication status, and comorbid disorders
WISC-IV: Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children
Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (estimated)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale
Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia
0% of the sample had autism (or other pervasive developmental disorder), eating disorders, current mood disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosis, or substance use disorders