Table 2.
Simple effect-based differences in parent and child Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) word counts, affect words, and child respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; ms2) and pre-ejection (PEP; ms) by task epoch according to group
| Variable | ADHD (mean, s.e.) | Control (n = 42) | F-value (n = 44) | Partial eta2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LIWC—Child Scores | ||||
| Etch-A-Sketch | ||||
| Word Count | 156.95, 16.26 | 159.82, 15.48 | 0.01 | .000 |
| Positive affect | 6.07, 0.80 | 5.87, 0.77 | 0.03 | .000 |
| Negative affect | 1.51, 0.31 | 0.40, 0.30 | 4.81 | .060* |
| Maze | ||||
| Word Count | 146.55, 15.00 | 173.56, 14.28 | 1.25 | .016 |
| Positive affect | 3.89, 0.56 | 4.95, 0.53 | 1.41 | .018 |
| Negative affect | 1.47, 0.30 | 1.56, 0.29 | 0.03 | .000 |
| LIWC--Parent Scores | ||||
| Etch-A-Sketch | ||||
| Word Count | 381.01, 24.93 | 366.13, 23.73 | 0.14 | .002 |
| Positive affect | 7.66, 0.64 | 10.22, 0.61 | 6.17 | .074* |
| Negative affect | .066, 0.12 | 0.75, 0.11 | 0.22 | .003 |
| Maze | ||||
| Word Count | 259.54, 108.01 | 413.15, 102.82 | 0.78 | .010 |
| Positive affect | 7.82, 0.73 | 9.41, 0.70 | 1.82 | .023 |
| Negative affect | 1.11, 0.21 | 0.99, 0.20 | 0.13 | .002 |
| Baseline physiology data | ||||
| RSA | 7.74, 0.22 | 7.25, 0.21 | 1.87 | .023 |
| PEP | 100.28, 2.16 | 102.39, 2.06 | 0.37 | .005 |
| Task physiology raw scores | ||||
| Etch-a-sketch | ||||
| RSA | 6.73, 0.24 | 6.93, 0.23 | 0.28 | .004 |
| PEP | 99.67, 1.89 | 100.14, 1.82 | 0.02 | .000 |
| Marble Maze | ||||
| RSA | 6.73, 0.18 | 6.84, 0.17 | 0.12 | .002 |
| PEP | 101.07, 1.98 | 101.00, 1.95 | 0.00 | .000 |
| Task physiology change scores | ||||
| Etch-A-Sketch - Rest Baseline | ||||
| RSA | −1.01, 0.21 | −0.32, 0.18 | 4.00 | .046* |
| PEP | −0.78, 1.38 | −2.72, 1.34 | 0.75 | .010 |
| Marble Maze - Rest Baseline | ||||
| RSA | −0.95, 0.19 | −0.43, 0.18 | 2.97 | .036 |
| PEP | 0.57, 1.24 | −0.86, 1.20 | 0.50 | .006 |
Differing superscripts (*) indicate comparisons of simple group effects that were significant p < .05 for continuous Language Inquiry Word Count (LIWC) variables, as well as respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and cardiac preejection period (PEP) via ANCOVA, including the following covariates: child sex, estimated full scale IQ, child medication status, and whether the child has any comorbid diagnosis