Figure 2.

Some underlying mechanisms by which oncolytic viruses influence the treatment effect of chemotherapy. 1) Oncolytic viruses can enhance the apoptosis of tumor cells induced by chemotherapy. Moreover, they can also induce tumor cell apoptosis by themselves. 2) Oncolytic viruses can activate antitumor immunity and enhance its efficacy. They can cause the infiltration of T cells, myeloid cells and other immune cells in the tumor to enhance the antitumor activity of chemotherapy. 3) Oncolytic viruses can increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy, thereby making tumor cells easier to kill. 4) Oncolytic viruses can replicate and multiply only in tumor cells, thereby directly killing tumor cells and complementing the killing effect of chemotherapy. Different oncolytic viruses contain different synergistic mechanisms, but they all improve the tumoricidal effect of chemotherapy to varying degrees.