Table 2.

Quality assessment of the 37 included diagnostic studies.

Study Authors	Year	Risk of bias			Flow and timing	Applicability concerns
		Patient selection	Index test	Reference standard		Patient selection	Index test	Reference standard
									Xu et al. (22)	2020	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Xu HS et al. (49)	2021	+	+	+	?	+	+	+
Tersteeg et al. (23)	2020	?	–	?	?	?	–	+
Iannicelli et al. (24)	2014	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
White et al. (25)	2013	?	+	?	+	?	+	+
Park et al. (41)	2014	?	+	+	+	?	–	+
Lambregts et al. (42)	2011	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Kim et al. (50)	2011	?	+	+	+	?	+	+
Fernández-Esparrach et al. (35)	2011	+	+	?	–	?	+	?
Koh et al. (55)	2010	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Jao et al. (36)	2010	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Zhang et al. (51)	2007	–	+	+	?	–	+	+
Winter et al. (26)	2007	?	+	+	?	?	+	+
Tatli et al. (27)	2006	?	+	+	+	?	+	+
Song et al. (53)	2018	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Rafaelsen et al. (28)	2008	+	+	?	+	+	+	+
Matsuoka et al. (29)	2003	?	+	+	+	?	+	+
Kocaman et al. (30)	2014	–	+	+	+	–	+	+
Kim et al. (52)	2008	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Kim et al. (54)	2000	?	+	+	+	?	+	+
Kim JH et al. (11)	2004	?	+	+	+	?	+	+
Kim et al. (56)	2006	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Jiang et al. (43)	2006	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Halefoglu et al. (31)	2008	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Gagliardi et al. (32)	2002	+	?	?	+	+	?	+
Chun et al. (37)	2006	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Algebally et al. (44)	2015	+	?	?	+	+	?	+
Armbruster et al. (45)	2018	–	?	+	+	–	?	+
Halefoglu et al. (46)	2013	+	+	+	+	+	?	+
Kim et al. (38)	2007	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Bogach et al. (39)	2017	?	–	?	+	?	?	+
Akasu et al. (47)	2009	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Gröne et al. (33)	2017	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Brown et al. (9)	2003	+	+	+	?	+	+	+
Ferri et al. (34)	2005	?	+	+	+	?	+	+
Kim MJ et al. (48)	2004	+	?	?	+	+	?	+
Kim JH et al. (11)	2009	+	+	?	+	+	+	+

+, low risk; -, high risk; ?, unclear risk.