Figure 3.
Examples of 3D CTE scaffolds with multi-layered structures (A) Multi-layer 3D CTE scaffold fabricated via layer-by-layered deposition of cardiac cells and graphene oxide (GO)-coated poly-L-lysine (PLL) films. Adapted with permission from 59. Copyright 2014, John Wiley & Sons. (B) Multi-layered NFYs/hydrogel core-shell scaffold within a transition in the 3D orientation of CMs. Adapted with permission from 11. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. (C) Grooved electrospun scaffolds stacked with a slight angular shift for guiding the orientation of multi-layered CMs. Adapted with permission from 20. Copyright 2017, National Academy of Sciences.