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. 2021 Jul 6;11(16):7911–7947. doi: 10.7150/thno.56639

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Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of glioblastoma (GB). (A) Common presentation of bulky bifrontal GB with irregular (nodular) contrast enhancement surrounding central tumor necrosis. (B) Illustration of radiation necrosis appearing as multiple foci of pathological contrast enhancement, periventricular in the left and right frontal lobe as well as anteriorly and posteriorly in the corpus callosum. (C) Nodular contrast-enhancement in a GB tumor on T1-weighted brain MRI pre-resection. (D) New irregular contrast-enhancement at the resection cavity at 1 year after a complete surgical resection reflecting tumor recurrence or treatment-related changes which have a similar appearance on MRI ³¹.