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. 2021 Jun 22;11(16):7735–7754. doi: 10.7150/thno.60757

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Non-lethal amounts of TC and [18F]FDG converge in target cells to induce cell death. (A) VLA-4 targeted NM loaded with 0.1 µg TC did not lead to cell death; Quantitative data are shown as percent of live cells compared to the untreated cells. (B) [18F]FDG administered at 3.7 MBq-27.75 MBq (0.1 mCi-0.75 mCi) induce moderate degree of cell death; (C) VLA-4-TC-NM RaST induced about 40% MM1.S cell death 72 h after treatment; statistical significance was determined using unpaired two-tailed t-test and a 95% confidence level. The difference between 48 h and 72 h VLA-4-TC-NM RaST was significant (P = 0.0228). (D) VLA-4-TC-NM RaST-induced cell death requires the expression of VLA-4 by MM1.S cells; MM1.S cells expressing VLA-4 (WT) were compared to VLA-4-TC-NM RaST-resistant MM1.S cells (NR) expressing low levels of VLA-4 and VLA-4 knockout cells (CD49dKO). The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's multiple comparisons tests. Untreated versus RaST + WT: P < 0.0001; untreated versus VLA-4-TC-NM RaST + RaST-resistant (RaSTNR) cells: P = 0.0473.