Co-treatment with Tb4 and hiPSC-CM enhanced vasculogenesis in pig hearts at weeks 4 after MI and treatment. (A) Representative images of fluorescence immunostaining for CD31, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and α-sarcomere actin (α-SA) in pig hearts from the Sham, MI, Tb4, CM, and Tb4 + CM Groups. Images of the MI, Tb4, CM, and Tb4 + CM Groups were taken at the border zone of infarct. Dash lines distinguish the infarct zone (above or on left-side of the line) from the survival CMs (below or on the right-side of the line). (B) Total vessel number per field (40 x magnification) was determined by counting CD31+ vascular numbers. (C) Total arteriole number per field (40 x magnification) was determined by counting vessels co-expressed CD31 and SMA. (Bar = 50 µm). (n = 8 or 9 for each group, One-way ANOVA: *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001). Values are presented as means ± SD.