TABLE 1.

Quantified morphology of ice crystals in Raman heat maps^a

CPA solutions	Ellipticity of ice crystals	Distance between adjacent ice crystals (μm)
1.1% wt/vol trehalose	0.617 ± 0.096	0.956 ± 0.504
8.9% wt/vol glycerol	0.212 ± 0.071	1.607 ± 0.288
10% wt/vol T:G	0.436 ± 0.073b,c	2.328 ± 0.417b,c

Abbreviations: CPA, cryoprotective agents; T:G, NADES composed of trehalose and glycerol at 1:30 M ratio and equivalent concentrations to the single component solution.

^a95% confidence intervals each calculated from a sample size greater than 8 using a T distribution.

^bp < .05 compared with the trehalose solution using ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.

^cp < .05 compared with the glycerol solution using ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.