Table 3.
Secondary outcome: Glycemic control in relation to age groups at T0 and T1.
| Age ≥6 y <10 y (N = 7) | Age ≥10 y <14 y (N = 42) | Age ≥14 y <18 y (N = 58) | Age ≥18 y (N = 95) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T0 | T1 | p-value | T0 | T1 | p-value | T0 | T1 | p-value | T0 | T1 | p-value | |
| Mean ± SD Median (IQR) | Mean ± SD Median (IQR) | Mean ± SD Median (IQR) | Mean ± SD Median (IQR) | Mean ± SD Median (IQR) | Mean ± SD Median (IQR) | Mean ± SD Median (IQR) | Mean ± SD Median (IQR) | |||||
| Coefficient of variation (%) | 36.99 ± 9.19 | 34.07 ± 5.25 | 0.24 | 37.55 ± 6.02 | 34.13 ± 5.68 | ≤0.0001 | 36.92 ± 5.24 | 36.13 ± 5.34 | 0.31 | 35.82 ± 5.66 | 34.27 ± 6.02 | 0.001 |
| SD (mg/dL) | 61.14 ± 15.91 | 55.29 ± 13.34 | 0.07 | 65 ± 14.01 | 58.43 ± 11.74 | ≤0.0001 | 67.33 ± 15.52 | 63.40 ± 15.08 | 0.002 | 62.28 ± 13.27 | 57.16 ± 13.43 | ≤0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.54 ± 1.08 | 7.33 ± 1.12 | 0.15 | 7.66 ± 1.01 | 7.62 ± 0.96 | 0.53 | 7.95 ± 1.09 | 7.76 ± 1.31 | 0.03 | 7.71 ± 1.02 | 7.42 ± 0.89 | ≤0.0001 |
| TIR (%) | 58.33 ± 21.14 | 61.49 ± 19.76 | 0.50 | 55.74 ± 16.30 | 56.84 ± 16.91 | 0.28 | 51.96 ± 16.73 | 56.71 ± 19.42 | 0.005 | 55.40 ± 16.53 | 61.37 ± 16.62 | ≤0.0001 |
| TAR (%) | 39.21 ± 22.25 | 35.27 ± 20.99 | 0.13 | 40.31 ± 16.77 | 40.96 ± 17.78 | 0.97 | 45.38 ± 18.01 | 40.84 ± 20.75 | 0.02 | 41.92 ± 17.79 | 36.22 ± 16.98 | ≤0.0001 |
| TAR >250 mg/dl (%) | 12.07 ± 11.14 | 9.56 ± 11.15 | 0.50 | 16.36 ± 12.86 | 12.74 ± 9.99 | 0.01 | 18.63 ± 12.13 | 16.22 ± 15.09 | 0.004 | 15.06 ± 12.18 | 11.01 ± 9.30 | ≤0.0001 |
| 11.65 (16.40) | 10.70 (11.85) | 120 (21.60) | 12.30 (16.70) | 8.50 (15.70) | ||||||||
| TBR (%) | 2.49 ± 3.09 | 3.24 ± 3.25 | 0.12 | 3.34 ± 3.36 | 2.20 ± 2.51 | 0.002 | 2.60 ± 2.41 | 2.32 ± 2.14 | 0.39 | 2.77 ± 3.0 | 2.42 ± 3.70 | 0.04 |
| 2.50 (3.70) | 1.40 (2.70) | 1.80 (3.00) | 1.60 (3.00) | 1.80 (3.60) | 1.30 (2.30) | |||||||
| TBR <54 mg/dl (%) | 0.79 ± 1.60 | 0.87 ± 1.32 | 0.35 | 0.80 ± 1.17 | 0.49 ± 0.94 | 0.03 | 0.52 ± 0.79 | 0.40 ± 0.50 | 0.58 | 0.53 ± 0.79 | 0.49 ± 1.32 | 0.06 |
| 0.20 (0.20) | 0.40 (0.60) | 0.40 (0.80) | 0.20 (0.70) | 0.20 (0.50) | 0.20 (0.60) | 0.20 (0.50) | 0.10 (0.40) | |||||
| Mean glucose (mg/dl) | 169.7 ± 30.87 | 163 ± 31.34 | 0.09 | 173.43 ± 29 | 172 ± 27.43 | 0.43 | 181.6 ± 31.41 | 175.9 ± 37.64 | 0.02 | 174.6 ± 29.23 | 166.4 ± 25.54 | ≤0.0001 |
| Sport (hours/week) | 4.36 ± 0.94 | 0.14 ± 0.38 | 0.02 | 6.01 ± 4.06 | 1.82 ± 2.32 | ≤0.0001 | 5.14 ± 4.20 | 2.72 ± 3.40 | ≤0.0001 | 3.74 ± 4.33 | 2.77 ± 3.49 | 0.03 |
| 0.00 (0.00) | 5.00 (3.75) | 1.00 (2.00) | 4.00 (4.00) | 2.00 (4.00) | 3.00 (5.40) | 2.00 (4.00) | ||||||
SD, standard deviation; TIR, time in range (70–180 mg/dl); TAR, time above range (>180 mg/dl); TAR >250, time above range (>250 mg/dl); TBR, time below range (<70 mg/dl); TBR <54, time below range (<54 mg/dl). bold = statistically significant values.