Table 4.
Summary of Covariates Significantly Associated With At Least 1 Adverse Pregnancy Outcome
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomea | HBsAG positive vs negative | Normal MUAC | Noninfectious pregnancy complication vs none | Infectious pregnancy complication vs none | Twin gestation vs singleton | Current smoker vs never/previous smoker | HIV RNA < LLOQ vs ≥ LLOQ |
| Composite 1: fetal demise, PTD, LBW, or congenital anomaly | 2.32 (1.01–5.30) | .92 (.87–.96) | 2.06 (1.34–3.17) | .46 (.22–1.00) | 14.43 (3.35–62.08) | … | … |
| Composite 2: fetal demise, PTD, LBW, or neonatal death (<28 days) | … | .91 (.87–.96) | 2.13 (1.39–3.28) | … | 14.51 (3.38–62.29) | … | … |
| Composite 3: fetal demise, PTD, LBW, or early neonatal death (<7 days) | … | .91 (.87–.96) | 2.06 (1.33–3.19) | … | 15.02 (3.50–64.38) | … | … |
| Perinatal death 1: fetal demise or neonatal death | … | … | 6.21 (3.14–12.31) | … | … | … | … |
| Perinatal death 2: fetal demise or early neonatal death | … | … | 6.76 (3.18–14.36) | … | 6.01 (1.08–33.55) | … | … |
| LBW: <2500 grams at birth | … | .88 (.83–.94) | … | … | 19.09 (3.95–92.35) | 3.18 (1.05–9.63) | … |
| PTD: <37 weeks gestation at delivery | … | .93 (.87–.99) | 1.90 (1.08–3.34) | .29 (.09–.98) | … | … | .56 (.32–.97) |
The multivariable model includes study arm and the following covariates: maternal age at delivery, CD4 quartiles, HIV RNA < LLOQ, timing of ART initiation, HBsAG status, MUAC, IGRA status, twin versus singleton pregnancy, current smoker, noninfectious pregnancy complications, infectious pregnancy complications, and maternal hospitalization.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; CI, confidence interval; HBsAG, hepatitis B surface antigen; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IGRA, interferon-gamma release assay; LBW, low birth weight; LLOQ, lower limit of quantification; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; OR, odds ratio; PTD, preterm delivery.
aEstimates are shown if P < .05.