Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included in this meta-analysis.
| No | References | Year | Country | Sample size | Male | Average age (year) | sST2 ELISAS kit source | Cut-off value | HF diagnostic criteria | Type of HF | Medical history of HF | Treatment history | Characteristics of controls | Type of research |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HF/no HF | ||||||||||||||
| 1 | Dieplinger et al. (8) | 2009 | Australia | 251 | 234 | 72.82 | MBL | 121 ng/L | Framingham | HF | Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus | ACEI, ARB, calcium antagonist, β-blockers, digitalis, diuretics, amiodarone | ED patients with dyspnea | Cohort |
| 2 | Aldous et al. (9) | 2012 | New Zealand | 995 | 591 | 66.00 | - | 34.3 U/mL | Chest radiograph evidence of pulmonary edema or symptoms of HF with raised BNP | HF | Ischemic heart disease, lung disease, stroke, Hypertension, dyslipidemia | - | ED patients with ischemic type pain | Cohort |
| 3 | Santhanakrishnan et al. (10) | 2012 | Singapore | 100 | 52 | 66.00 | PresageTM | 26.47 ng/mL | Framingham | HFPEF | Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke | ACEI/ARB, Spironolactone, β-blocker, diuretics, digoxin, statin, aspirin, | Community adults | Case-Control |
| 4 | Santhanakrishnan et al. (10) | 2012 | Singapore | 101 | 66 | 60.98 | PresageTM | 30.32 ng/mL | Framingham | HFREF | Community adults | Case-Control | ||
| 5 | Wang et al. (11) | 2013 | Taiwan | 107 | 57 | 65.08 | R&D | 13.5 ng/mL | Framingham | HFPEF | Diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation | Aspirin, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, ACEI/ARB, β-Blockers, diuretics, statins, antiarrythmic agents | Outpatients with hypertension | Cohort |
| 6 | Jakob et al. (12) | 2016 | Austria and UK | 203 | 7.5 | PresageTM | 44.4 pg/mL | Presence of HF symptoms and abnormal ventricular systolic function | HF | Dilated cardiomyopathy, functional single ventricle, pulmonary/right-sided obstruction, aortic/left-sided obstruction, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of fallot, atrioventricular septal defect, patent arterial duct, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, atrial septal defect, mixed lesion/other | - | children without heart disease undergoing phlebotomy prior to an elective procedure | Case-Control | |
| 7 | Mueller et al. (13) | 2016 | Austria | 251 | 234 | 76/69 | PresageTM | 26.5 ng/mL | Framingham | HF | Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease | ACEI/ARB, calcium antagonists, β-blockers, digitalis, diuretics, amiodarone | dyspnoea attributed to other reasons | Cohort |
| 8 | Sinning et al. (14) | 2016 | Germany | 4,972 | 2,526 | 67/55 | PresageTM | - | NYHA | HF | Diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemi | - | Recruitment with no HF | Cohort |
| 9 | Jin et al. (15) | 2017 | China | 303 | 200 | 61.89/60.31 | Shanghai Research Institute for Enzyme-linked Biology | - | ESC Guidelines | HF | - | - | Healthy people | Case-Control |
| 10 | Luo et al. (16) | 2017 | China | 876 | 460 | 67.49/65.93 | – | 0.159 μg/L | China Guidelines | HFPEF | Coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, fatty liver, carotid plaque, gout | Antiplatelet drugs, ACEI/ARB, β-blockers, trimetazidine, diuretics, statins, digitalis | healthy individuals | Case-Control |
| 11 | Cui et al. (17) | 2018 | China | 202 | 135 | 73/67 | Shanghai Qiyi Biological Co. | 68.6 pg/mL | ESC Guidelines | HFPEF | Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, Atrial fibrillation | β-blocker, ARB, dioxin, aldosterone antagonist, statin | Health examiner | Case-Control |