Table 3.
Outcomes: Death, ICU admission, injury severity, disability and hospital length of staya.
| Year of ED admissionb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomec | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
| N = 626 | N = 696 | N = 269 | ||
| Death, n (%) | 22 (3.5) | 13 (1.9) | 5 (1.9) | |
| OR (95% CI)d | 2.11 (0.84–5.32) | Ref | 1.09 (0.25–4.85) | |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 120 (19.4) | 127 (18.2) | 33 (12.3) | |
| OR (95% CI)d | 0.99 (0.67–1.46) | Ref | 0.43 (0.22–0.83) | |
| Injury severity score (ISS), n (%) | ||||
| Mild (ISS <9) | 360 (59.8) | 395 (60.2) | 147 (58.1) | |
| Moderate (ISS (9–15)) | 145 (24.1) | 159 (24.2) | 68 (26.9) | |
| Severe (ISS>15) | 97 (16.1) | 102 (15.5) | 38 (15.0) | |
| Missing | 24 | 40 | 16 | |
| OR (95% CI)e | 1.06 (0.81–1.40) | Ref | 0.90 (0.61–1.32) | |
| Pre-existent disability score, n (%) | ||||
| 12 (Total independence) | 374 (85.8) | 464 (94.9) | 189 (94.0) | |
| <12 (Partial or total dependent) | 62 (14.2) | 25 (5.1) | 12 (6.0) | |
| Missing | 190 | 207 | 68 | |
| OR (95% CI)d | 3.28 (1.74–6.19) | Ref | 0.79 (0.28–2.24) | |
| Discharge disability score | ||||
| 12 (Total independence) | 147 (34.2) | 143 (29.7) | 47 (23.5) | |
| <12 (Partial or total dependent) | 283 (65.8) | 339 (70.3) | 153 (76.5) | |
| Missing | 196 | 214 | 69 | |
| OR (95% CI) d | 1.25 (0.89–1.77) | Ref | 1.44 (0.90–2.31) | |
| Disability score difference | ||||
| Deterioration (Discharged with increased disability) | 226 (52.6) | 314 (65.1) | 141 (70.5) | |
| No deterioration | 200 (46.5) | 168 (34.9) | 59 (29.5) | |
| Missing | 200 | 214 | 79 | |
| OR (95% CI)d | 0.87 (0.63–1.20) | Ref | 1.47 (0.94–2.28) | |
| Hospital length of stay (days), median (IQR)f | 3 (1–9) | 4 (1–10) | 3 (1–8) | |
| β (95% CI)g | −0.21 (−0.63 to −0.04) | Ref | −0.35 (−0.59 to −0.10) | |
a
All models are adjusted for demographic factors including age, gender, occupation, and marital status and comorbidities including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, respiratory diseases, dyslipidemia, depression, and smoking status as well as prehospital transportation and vital signs upon arrival into ED.
b
Independent Variable (IV).
c
Dependent Variables (DVs).
d
Derived from multivariable binary logistic regression.
e
Derived from multivariable ordinal logistic regression. Severe injuries (ISS>15) is the reference group (i.e., the value we were interested to predict in our model).
f
IQR, Interquartile Range.
g
Derived from multivariable negative binomial regression.