. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 27.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019 Dec 13;16(2):81–90. doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0286-3

Table 1.

The roles of islet macrophages in non-inflammatory state versus obese/T2DM conditions

Non-Inflammatory State	Obesity/T2DM
Intra-islet macrophages and peri-islet macrophages^9,13	Increased number of intra-islet macrophages^7,9,14,17,28
Supports islet (β cell) development and regeneration^11–13	Promotes compensatory β cell proliferation⁹
Promotes GSIS⁹	Suppresses GSIS with decreased expression of β cell-specific genes^7,9,49,50
Low concentration of IL-1β ^7,13,88,91	Elevated production of IL-1β^7,40,49