Table 1.

Long-term weight loss and cardiovascular outcomes of currently approved FDA weight-loss medications in the United States.

Weight Loss Medications	Weight Loss	MACE Outcome	Notes
Phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia)	10.5% [30]	Relative risk: 0.24 (95% CI 0.03 to 1.70)[31]	No true RCT has been completed for the fixed combination of phentermine and topiramate. The largest MACE study to date comes from a retrospective cohort analysis using a large insurer database.
Bupropion-naltrexone (Contrave)	3.6% [32]	Hazard ratio: 0.88 (99.7% CI, 0.57 to 1.34)[32]	Analysis only includes data generated up to the 50% event rate. Study stopped prematurely by FDA due to reporting violation by the sponsoring company.
Liraglutide 3.0 (Saxenda)	6.1% [33]	Hazard ratio: 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.97)[34]	MACE outcomes trial was conducted on the 1.8 mg dose (Victoza), which was accepted by the FDA for labeling purposes for the 3.0 mg dose (Saxenda). A MACE outcome study has not been separately conducted for the 3.0 mg dose. Progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes was also reduced by a hazard ratio of 0.21 (95% CI 0.13–0.34) compared to placebo during three years of follow-up [33].

MACE: major adverse cardiovascular events.