Table I.

Examples of Nonchemical Stressors and Associated Health Outcomes

Stressor Types		Example Stressors	Example Health Outcomes
Physical:	Thermal	Cold temperature	Hypothermia, lethargy-confusion, frostbite
		Heat	Hyperthermia, heat stroke, heat exhaustion, respiratory disorders
	Acoustic	Vibration	Tissue injury, Raynaud’s syndrome
		Sound	Hearing loss (synergistic with solvents)
		Noise	Poor sleep, stress response, allostatic load
	Radiation	Ionizing radiation	Cancer; developmental effects
Biological:		Pollen, mold, pet or pest allergen	Respiratory irritation, asthma, stress response, allostatic load
		Bacteria, viruses, parasites	Infectious and contagious diseases, weakened immune system (note this can also result from other stressors, such as psychological stress, chemical and physical exposures)
Psychosocial:		Under- and unemployment; home violence, instability; racism/discrimination	Poor sleep, stress response, allostatic load
		Limited access to or use of healthy food resources	Poor nutrition, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, developmental effects
		Limited access to or use of health care resources	Stress response, allostatic load, disease progression, developmental effects
		Crime, including violent crime	Stress response, allostatic load