Table 2.

Common and uncommon causes of strokes in young adults.

Common causes	Uncommon causes
Large-artery atherosclerosis	Large-artery atherosclerosis
Middle cerebral artery, internal carotid artery and vertebrobasilar artery	Posterior cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery
Small-vessel occlusion
Atherothrombotic vasculopathy
Cardioembolism	Cardioembolism
Patent foramen ovale, dilated cardiomyopathy, and atrial fibrillation	Infective endocarditis, congenital cardiac malformation, mechanical aortic valve, left ventricular thrombus, hypokinetic left ventricular segment, akinetic left ventricular segment, atrial myxoma and nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
Stroke of other determined etiology	Stroke of other determined etiology
Dissection of cervical artery and vasculitis	Systemic lupus erythematosus, Hereditary and acquired coagulation disorder, active malignancy and radiation vasculopathy, infective vasculitis, Inflammatory vasculopathy, Hereditary diseases, antiphospholipid antibodies, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Stroke of undetermined etiology