Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Variable | Combined Cohort | PCSK9i Cohort |
EPA Cohort | SGLT2i Cohort | GLP-1 RA Cohort |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 320 | 93 | 131 | 46 | 50 |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 60.3 ± 12.9 | 60.3 ± 12.4 | 60.8 ± 12.2 | 60.5 ± 12.6 | 57 ± 14 |
| Female sex, N (%) | 145 (45.3) | 46 (49.5) | 50 (38.2) | 20 (43.5) | 29 (58) |
| ASCVD, N (%) | 244 (76.3) | 84 (90.3) | 112 (85.5) | 24 (52.2) | 24 (48) |
| CAD, N (%) | 224 (70) | 79 (84.9) | 102 (77.9) | 21 (45.7) | 22 (44) |
| CVD, N (%) | 22 (6.9) | 7 (7.5) | 10 (7.6) | 2 (4.3) | 3 (6) |
| PAD, N (%) | 63 (19.7) | 19 (20.4) | 33 (25.2) | 7 (15.2) | 4 (8) |
| Polyvascular, N (%) | 56 (17.5) | 17 (18.3) | 29 (22.1) | 6 (13) | 4 (8) |
| ASCVD risk factors, N (%) | |||||
| Hyperlipidemia | 317 (99) | 93 (100) | 131 (100) | 45 (97.8) | 48 (96) |
| FH | 77 (24) | 43 (46.2) | 29 (22.1) | 2 (4.3) | 3 (6) |
| Hypertension | 214 (66.9) | 46 (49.5) | 100 (76.3) | 35 (76.1) | 33 (66) |
| Diabetes | 147 (45.9) | 15 (16.1) | 48 (36.6) | 43 (93.5) | 41 (82) |
| Obesity | 193 (60.3) | 33 (35.5) | 82 (62.6) | 38 (82.6) | 40 (80) |
| Current tobacco use | 14 (4.4) | 4 (4.3) | 4 (3.1) | 4 (8.7) | 2 (4) |
| Family history ASCVD | 229 (71.6) | 79 (84.9) | 104 (79.4) | 22 (47.8) | 24 (48) |
| Heart failure | 48 (15) | 10 (10.8) | 16 (12.2) | 14 (30.4) | 8 (16) |
| Reduced EF | 20 (6.3) | 3 (3.2) | 7 (5.3) | 8 (17.4) | 2 (4) |
| Preserved EF | 28 (8.9) | 7 (7.5) | 9 (6.9) | 6 (13) | 6 (12) |
| Chronic kidney diseasea | 43 (13.4) | 11 (11.8) | 18 (13.7) | 11 (23.9) | 3 (6) |
| Vitals at baseline (median [IQR]) | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132 (122–143) | 128 (117–136) | 135 (125–146) | 132 (123–144) | 134 (126–143) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73 (64–81) | 68 (63–79) | 74 (66–83.8) | 74 (67–80) | 72 (65–79) |
| Weight (kg) | 90.6 (79.9–106.8) | 81.4 (71.2–97.8) | 91.8 (81–103.2) | 93.4 (81.2–120.4) | 105.4 (87.7–123.9) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.1 (27.2–35.9) | 27.8 (25–32.9) | 30.9 (27.5–33.9) | 32.9 (29–38.7) | 36.8 (31.8–42.3) |
| Laboratory parameters at baseline (median [IQR]) | |||||
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 71 (43–101) | 101 (81–105) | 67.5 (42–101) | 72 (46–92) | 74 (51–101) |
| Lp(a) (mg/dL) | 20 (7–77) | 38 (12–90) | 17 (6–77.8) | 15.5 (8–33) | 10 (6–33) |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 177 (112–265) | 112 (84–163) | 217 (159–306) | 170 (117–239) | 208 (126–308) |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 43 (37–53) | 50 (41–58) | 42 (36–52) | 41 (32–47) | 41 (35–47) |
| HgbA1C (%) | 6 (5.5–6.8) | 5.6 (5.3–6) | 5.8 (5.5–6.3) | 7 (6.4–8.5) | 6.8 (6.1–7.9) |
| Baseline cardiovascular therapies, N (%) | |||||
| Aspirin | 213 (66.6) | 62 (66.7) | 94 (71.8) | 33 (71.7) | 24 (48) |
| Statins | 197 (61.6) | 49 (52.7) | 78 (59.5) | 37 (80.4) | 33 (66) |
| High-intensity | 124 (38.8) | 31 (33.3) | 49 (37.4) | 24 (52.2) | 20 (40) |
| Moderate-intensity | 65 (20.3) | 12 (12.9) | 28 (21.4) | 12 (26.1) | 13 (26) |
| Low-intensity | 8 (2.5) | 6 (6.5) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) |
| Ezetimibe | 124 (38.8) | 59 (63.4) | 51 (38.9) | 8 (17.4) | 6 (12) |
| Metformin | 103 (32.2) | 7 (7.5) | 35 (26.7) | 26 (56.5) | 35 (70) |
| Antihypertensive | 221 (69.1) | 53 (57) | 95 (72.5) | 38 (82.6) | 35 (70) |
| 0 | 99 (30.9) | 40 (43) | 36 (27.4) | 8 (17.4) | 15 (30) |
| 1 | 85 (26.6) | 24 (25.8) | 35 (26.7) | 10 (21.7) | 16 (32) |
| 2 | 61 (19.1) | 13 (14) | 26 (19.8) | 12 (26.1) | 10 (20) |
| 3 | 50 (15.6) | 13 (14) | 23 (17.6) | 9 (19.6) | 5 (10) |
| 4 | 17 (5.3) | 3 (3.2) | 7 (5.3) | 5 (10.9) | 2 (4) |
| 5 | 8 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 4 (3.1) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (4) |
| Pharmacotherapy with new evidence-based CV indications | 112 (35) | 7 (7.5) | 66 (50.4) | 19 (41.3) | 20 (40) |
| 0 | 208 (65) | 86 (92.5) | 65 (49.6) | 27 (58.7) | 30 (60) |
| 1 | 98 (30.6) | 6 (6.5) | 58 (44.3) | 17 (37) | 17 (34) |
| 2 | 14 (4.4) | 1 (1.1) | 8 (6.1) | 2 (4.3) | 3 (6) |
ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CV, cardiovascular disease; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; EF, ejection fraction; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; FH, familial hypercholesterolemia; GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; HgbA1C, hemoglobin A1C; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol IQR, interquartile range; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Lp(a), lipoprotein (a); N, number; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PCSK9i, protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors; SD, standard deviation; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.
a
Stage 3-5 CKD, eGRF <60 ml/min.