Table 1.
Description of the national action plans from Southeast Asia.
| Country | Name of document | Year | Purpose of policy | Stakeholders involved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brunei | Antimicrobial Resistance National Action Plan | 2019–2023 | To serve as a strategy document to guide key stakeholders on the implementation of priority initiatives plans that requires urgent attention and are impactful in combatting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) | Ministry of Health, Ministry of Primary Resources and Tourism, as well as other organisations including a tertiary institution and a few hospitals. |
| Cambodia | Multi-Sectoral Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance in Cambodia 2019-2023 | 2019–2023 | To guide the Royal Government of Cambodia, partners, and donors as they identify priority areas for work and collaboration. | Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Rural Development, medical facilities, tertiary institutions (both human and animal health),and laboratories, world health organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), OIE World Organisation for Animal Health, bilateral agencies, development banks and international/national Non-governmental organisations (NGOs). |
| Indonesia | National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance Indonesia 2017-2019 | 2017–2019 | To reflect the five principles based on which the GAP on AMR strategies have been enunciated. | Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education, Ministry of Marine Affair and Fisheries, Ministry of Defence, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Information and Communication, hospital and professional associations, academics, and pharmaceutical industries, WHO, and FAO. |
| Laos | National Strategic Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance in Lao PDR 2019-2023 | 2019–2023 | To develop the policy and cooperation mechanism under the framework of One Health to tackle the issue of AMR, and to develop and improve the capability of modern technology as it applies to the diagnosis and prevention of AMR. | Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, academic institutions, hospitals. WHO, FAO and OIE provided technical and financial support. |
| Malaysia | Malaysian Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (MyAP-AMR) 2017-2021 | 2017–2021 | To slow the emergence of AMR and prevent its spread through four priority areas. | Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry, Ministry of Higher Education, Ministry of Defence Hospitals, private healthcare facilities, community pharmacists, the Animal Food Industry, professional organisations, academic institutions, the private sector, international partners, NGOs, and civil society. |
| Myanmar | Myanmar National Action Plan for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance | 2017–2022 | To reflect the five principles based on which the Global Action Plan on AMR strategies have been enunciated. | Ministry of Health and Sports, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Defence, professional associations, WHO, FAO, OIE, and NGOs. |
| The Philippines | The Philippine Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance - One Health Approach | 2015–2020 | To implement an integrated, comprehensive, and sustainable national program to combat AMR geared. | Department of Health, Department of Agriculture, Department of Science and Technology, Department of the Interior and Local Government, Department of Trade and Industry, local government units and the private sector. |
| Singapore | National Strategic Action Plan on AMR | 2017 | To unify and formalise the existing response mounted across animal, human, food, and environment sectors, while providing a roadmap to address existing gaps and prioritise future interventions. | Ministry of Health, Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority, the National Environment Agency, and PUB, the National Water Agency. |
| Thailand | Thailand's National Strategic Plan on AMR 2017-2021 | 2017–2021 | To reduce the morbidity, mortality and economic burden caused by AMR, by establishing policies and national multi-sectoral mechanisms which support an effective and sustained AMR management system. | Ministry of Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, academics, professional societies, and civil society organisations. |
| Vietnam | National Action Plan for Combating Drug Resistance | 2013–2020 | To promote prevention of drug resistance, contributing to improving the quality and effectiveness of the prevention and control of epidemics, medical examination, and treatment to protect, care for and improve people's health. | Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. |
AMR = Antimicrobial Resistance. WHO = World health Organization. FAO = Food and Agriculture Organization. NGO = Non-governmental organisation.