. 2020 May 1;1:100008. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100008

Table 1.

Risk enhancing factors for the clinician-patient discussion.

Adapted from Arnett et a., 2019 [12].
• Family history of premature ASCVD; (males, age <55 y; females, age <65 y) • Primary hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C, 160–189 mg/dL [4.1–4.8 mmol/L]; non-HDL-C 190–219 mg/dL [4.9–5.6 mmol/L])∗ • Metabolic syndrome (increased waist circumference, elevated triglycerides [>=150 mg/dL], elevated blood pressure, elevated glucose, and low HDL-C [<40 mg/dL in men; <50 in women mg/dL] are factors; 3 or more define presence of metabolic syndrome) • Chronic kidney disease (eGFR 15–59 mL/min/1.73 m² with or without albuminuria, not treated with dialysis or kidney transplantation) • Chronic inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis, RA, or HIV/AIDS • History of premature menopause (before age 40 y) and history of pregnancy-associated conditions that increase later ASCVD risk such as pre-eclampsia • High-risk race/ethnicities (e.g. South Asian ancestry) • Lipid/biomarkers: Associated with increased ASCVD risk • Persistently elevated, primary hypertriglyceridemia (≥175 mg/dL); - And if measured: o Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (≥2.0 mg/L o Elevated Lp(a) A relative indication for its measurement is family history of premature ASCVD. An Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL or ≥125 nmol/L constitutes a risk enhancing factor especially at higher levels of Lp(a). o Elevated apoB ≥130 mg/dL - A relative indication for its measurement would be triglyceride ≥200 mg/dL. A level ≥130 mg/dL corresponds to an LDL-C >160 mg/dL and constitutes a risk enhancing factor o Ankle brachial index (ABI) < 0.9

Adapted from Arnett et a., 2019 [12].

•
Family history of premature ASCVD; (males, age <55 y; females, age <65 y)
•
Primary hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C, 160–189 mg/dL [4.1–4.8 mmol/L]; non-HDL-C 190–219 mg/dL [4.9–5.6 mmol/L])∗
•
Metabolic syndrome (increased waist circumference, elevated triglycerides [>=150 mg/dL], elevated blood pressure, elevated glucose, and low HDL-C [<40 mg/dL in men; <50 in women mg/dL] are factors; 3 or more define presence of metabolic syndrome)
•
Chronic kidney disease (eGFR 15–59 mL/min/1.73 m² with or without albuminuria, not treated with dialysis or kidney transplantation)
•
Chronic inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis, RA, or HIV/AIDS
•
History of premature menopause (before age 40 y) and history of pregnancy-associated conditions that increase later ASCVD risk such as pre-eclampsia
•
High-risk race/ethnicities (e.g. South Asian ancestry)
•
Lipid/biomarkers: Associated with increased ASCVD risk
•
Persistently elevated, primary hypertriglyceridemia (≥175 mg/dL);
-
And if measured:
- o
  Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (≥2.0 mg/L
- o
  Elevated Lp(a) A relative indication for its measurement is family history of premature ASCVD. An Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL or ≥125 nmol/L constitutes a risk enhancing factor especially at higher levels of Lp(a).
- o
  Elevated apoB ≥130 mg/dL - A relative indication for its measurement would be triglyceride ≥200 mg/dL. A level ≥130 mg/dL corresponds to an LDL-C >160 mg/dL and constitutes a risk enhancing factor
- o
  Ankle brachial index (ABI) < 0.9