Table 3.
Effects of SBHC services on the likelihood of past-30-day substance use behaviors in 2015, odds ratio (95% confidence interval)
| Variable | Alcohol use | Binge drinking | Cigarette smoking | E-cigarette use | Marijuana use | Un-prescribed prescription drug use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% confidence interval) | ||||||
| School level | ||||||
| High school | 0.98 (0.78, 1.23) | 0.82 (0.62, 1.08) | 1.45 (1.00, 2.10)* | 1.18 (0.87, 1.60) | 0.88 (0.62, 1.24) | 1.36 (0.92, 2.00) |
| Student enrollment | 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.04) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) |
| Percent eligible for free/reduced price lunch | 0.75 (0.46, 1.24) | 0.84 (0.46, 1.55) | 1.51 (0.69, 3.34) | 1.06 (0.55, 2.05) | 1.17 (0.56, 2.46) | 0.72 (0.33, 1.60) |
| SBHC | 1.05 (0.86, 1.28) | 0.98 (0.77, 1.25) | 0.92 (0.67, 1.26) | 1.00 (0.77, 1.30) | 1.06 (0.81, 1.51) | 0.86 (0.62, 1.18) |
| Student level | ||||||
| Age | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | 1.06 (1.00, 1.13)* | 1.20 (1.11, 1.31)*** | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) | 0.93 (0.88, 0.99)* | 1.11 (1.01, 1.22)* |
| Female | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | 0.88 (0.83, 0.94)*** | 0.82 (0.75, 0.89)*** | 0.64 (0.60, 0.69)*** | 0.94 (0.88, 1.00)* | 1.09 (0.99, 1.20) |
| Hispanic | 1.11 (1.03, 1.20)** | 1.15 (1.05, 1.27)** | 0.99 (0.87, 1.13) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.14) | 1.19 (1.09, 1.31)*** | 1.11 (0.96, 1.28)* |
| White | 1.44 (1.31, 1.58)*** | 1.34 (1.19, 1.50)*** | 1.53 (1.30, 1.81)*** | 1.30 (1.67, 1.46)*** | 1.19 (1.07, 1.32)*** | 1.15 (0.97, 1.36) |
| Receive free/reduced price lunch | 1.18 (1.11, 1.25)*** | 1.12 (1.05, 1.21)** | 1.54 (1.40, 1.69)*** | 1.36 (1.27, 1.45)*** | 1.59 (1.48, 1.70)*** | 1.10 (0.99, 1.23)* |
| SMY | 1.44 (1.30, 1.59)*** | 1.22 (1.07, 1.38)** | 3.60 (3.17, 4.09)*** | 1.99 (1.78, 2.23)*** | 2.56 (2.30, 2.85)*** | 2.50 (2.16, 2.89)*** |
| Cross-level | ||||||
| SBHC × SMY | 0.77 (0.63, 0.93)** | 0.57 (0.44, 0.74)*** | 0.88 (0.69, 1.13) | 0.78 (0.63, 0.96)* | 0.56 (0.46, 0.69)*** | 0.72 (0.53, 0.98)* |
Note. At the school level, middle/high schools served as the reference group for the high school variable. At the student level, male students, non-Hispanic students, non-White students, students who did not receive free or reduced-price lunch, and non-SMY served as the reference groups for the following variables, respectively: female, Hispanic, white, received free or reduced-price lunch, and SMY variables. Sampling weights were applied to these analyses. OR = odds ratio; SBHC = school-based health center; SMY = sexual minority youth.
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001