Table 4. Multivariable analyses of risk factors of the HLQ subscales 1–5, which were found significant in univariable analyses.

	Scale 1a		Scale 2b		Scale 3c		Scale 4d		Scale 5e
	β	p	β	p	β	p	β	p	β	P
Gender					0.259	0.009
Active smoking							-0.236	0.026
History of falls			-0.270	0.012	-0.277	0.006
MELD			-0.220	0.040	-0.284	0.004
History of ascites									-0.224	0.035
CHE	-0.189	0.089

HLQ: Health literacy questionnaire; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; CHE: Covert hepatic encephalopathy.

Coding for gender: 0 male, 1 female.

Multivariable linear regression model with a stepwise variable selection included (only the significant variables are displayed):

^aCHE, born outside of Germany; R² statistic for the model = 0.036

^bMELD, CHE, history of falls, married; R² statistic for the model = 0.135

^cMELD, history of falls, alcoholic aetiology of liver cirrhosis, gender; R² statistic for the model = 0.219

^dActive smoking, relationship status, gender; R² statistic for the model = 0.056

^eAge, sodium, history of falls, history of ascites, relationship status; R² statistic for the model = 0.050