Table 2.
Association of Behavioral Factors and Other Illnesses with COVID-19 Severity and Their Sample Distribution
| Variables | Total, n (%) | Type of COVID-19 Case | p-Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asymptomatic, n (%) | Mild, n (%) | Moderate, n (%) | Severe, n (%) | Critical, n (%) | |||
| Overall | 2022 (100) | 355 (17.56) | 669 (33.09) | 361 (17.85) | 303 (14.99) | 334 (16.52) | – |
| Smoking status | |||||||
| Ever-smoker | 594 (29.38) | 72 (12.12) | 203 (34.18) | 86 (14.48) | 121 (20.37) | 112 (18.86) | <0.001* |
| Non-smoker | 1428 (70.62) | 283 (19.82) | 466 (32.63) | 275 (19.26) | 182 (12.75) | 222 (15.55) | |
| Smoking (years) mean±SD [95% CI] | 5.25±10.20 [1.03–10.01] | 2.25±5.52 [6.30–10.38] | 2.52±5.20 [6.26–9.88] | 4.12±8.45 [4.43–8.50] | 10.59±13.55 [4.43–8.50] | 10.27±14.96 [4.16–8.13] | <0.001* |
| Smoking duration (years) | |||||||
| 1–5 | 139 (6.87) | 32 (23.02) | 76 (54.68) | 26 (18.71) | 5 (3.60) | 0 (0.00) | <0.001* |
| 6–10 | 127 (6.28) | 24 (18.90) | 81 (63.78) | 12 (9.45) | 8 (6.30) | 2 (1.57) | |
| 11–15 | 81 (4.01) | 14 (17.28) | 24 (29.63) | 18 (22.22) | 18 (22.22) | 7 (8.64) | |
| 16–20 | 88 (4.35) | 7 (7.95) | 7 (7.95) | 19 (21.59) | 35 (39.77) | 20 (22.73) | |
| 21–25 | 59 (2.92) | 2 (3.39) | 7 (11.86) | 8 (13.56) | 25 (42.37) | 17 (28.81) | |
| >25 | 140 (6.92) | 3 (2.14) | 4 (2.86) | 16 (11.43) | 46 (32.86) | 71 (50.71) | |
| None | 1388 (68.64) | 273 (19.67) | 470 (33.86) | 262 (18.88) | 166 (11.96) | 217 (15.63) | |
| Cigarette smoking | |||||||
| ≥100 cigarettes | 580 (28.68) | 66 (11.38) | 187 (32.24) | 96 (16.55) | 124 (21.38) | 107 (18.45) | <0.001* |
| <100 cigarettes | 64 (3.17) | 2 (3.13) | 27 (42.19) | 13 (20.31) | 13 (20.31) | 9 (14.06) | |
| No | 1378 (68.15) | 287 (20.83) | 455 (33.02) | 252 (18.29) | 166 (12.05) | 218 (15.82) | |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Yes | 935 (46.24) | 113 (12.09) | 163 (17.43) | 146 (15.61) | 227 (24.28) | 286 (30.59) | <0.001* |
| No | 1087 (53.76) | 242 (22.26) | 506 (46.55) | 215 (19.78) | 76 (6.99) | 48 (4.42) | |
Note: *p-Value is significant at the <0.05 level.