FIG 1.

ERV-mediated mechanisms of antiviral immunity. (A) Enhancement of innate sensing by ERV-derived nucleic acids. (B) Regulation of antiviral immune responses by ERV-derived long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). (C) Enhancement of innate sensing by ERV-derived proteins. (D) Receptor interference by endogenous retroviral envelope (Env) proteins. (E) Dominant negative complementation of exogenous viral particles by endogenous retroviral proteins. (F) Interference with incoming viral capsids. (G) Increased gene plasticity due to ERV-mediated recombination events. (H) Regulation of antiviral gene expression by ERV-derived promoter and enhancer elements.