| Cancer and HSCT |
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1.
Cancer patients can produce immune responses against vaccines properly, except for periods of intensive chemotherapy.
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2.
In patients on plasma cell-depleting and lymphodepleting therapies vaccination must be postponed at least six months after the therapy.
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3.
Vaccination in patients using ICIs should be done, but the probable risk of IRAEs must be considered.
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4.
Inactivated vaccines should be administrated six months after HSCT.
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5.
Live-attenuated vaccines are not recommended in HSCT patients.
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6.
mRNA vaccines are safe in cancer patients.
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7.
Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine can provoke a proper immune response in both solid organ and hematologic cancer patients.
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8.
Patients undergoing an oncology clinical trial are recommended to receive the investing agent and the vaccine with a 48–72 h interval.
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9.
Revaccination in patients using immunosuppressive medications is not recommended.
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| SOT |
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1.
Older transplant recipients and patients receiving anti–metabolite maintenance immunosuppression therapy show lower antibody responses.
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2.
The optimized time for vaccination is before transplantation.
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3.
The best time to administer the COVID-19 vaccine in the post-transplantation period is likely at least three months post-transplantation.
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4.
Vaccination should be avoided in acute cellular rejection.
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5.
Patients who received anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies should have six months delay between the last rituximab dose and COVID-19 vaccination.
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6.
Discontinuation or decreasing the dose of antimetabolites is not recommended during vaccination.
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| MS |
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1.
Discontinuation of disease-modifying therapies because of vaccination could cause relapse and progression in patients and is not recommended.
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2.
Post-vaccination monitoring is advised to ensure an adequate immune response.
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3.
In case of inadequate immune responses, using booster doses are suggested.
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4.
Right timing of vaccination with considering the patients’ therapeutic regimen can drastically improve the efficacy.
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5.
A 4–6-week gap between vaccination and therapy is recommended in patients using high-dose corticosteroids and B- cell-depleting therapies such as rituximab and ocrelizumab.
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| IBD |
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1.
Less immune response to vaccines may be observed in patients with IBD.
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2.
BSG recommends that IBD patients receive the vaccine as soon as possible, regardless of the type of used immune-modifying drugs.
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3.
Non-live, mRNA, replication-incompatible, inactivated, and recombinant vaccines are safe.
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4.
Live-attenuated vaccines are not safe in those who receive immune-modifying drugs at the same time or in the following eight weeks.
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5.
IBD patients can use Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccines. The AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine, which uses adenovirus vectors, is promising in IBD patients.
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6.
IBD patients should receive both vaccine doses.
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7.
A gap between vaccination and recovery is preferred in those who suffer from severe IBD flares or need hospitalization.
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8.
It is better to vaccinate IBD patients when they are taking the lowest dose of corticosteroids.
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9.
Patients treated with infliximab should not postpone receiving their second dose of vaccine.
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| Rheumatology and Dermatology |
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1.
Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines are recommended by BSR.
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2.
Vaccination in rheumatic disease subjects during the quiescent state of the disease is highly recommended.
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3.
Induction of immunosuppression is better to be performed after the second dose of the vaccine.
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4.
Initiation of rituximab administration in vaccinated subjects is recommended a few weeks after vaccine injection.
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5.
The risk of immune-mediated disease flares after vaccination should be considered, though it is rare.
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