Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients, overall, by availability of follow-up OGTT within 12 weeks from the delivery and by development of postpartum dysglycemia
| Women without follow-up OGTT | Women with follow-up OGTT | p value* | No postpartum dysglycemia | Postpartum dysglycemia | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1795 | 941 | 724 | 217 | ||
| Age (years) | 36.5 ± 5.2 | 36.7 ± 4.8 | 0.51 | 36.8 ± 4.7 | 36.6 ± 5.4 | 0.62 |
| School education (%) | ||||||
| Low | 26.3 | 25.5 | 0.41 | 22.6 | 35.3 | 0.002 |
| Median | 47.3 | 50.6 | 50.9 | 49.6 | ||
| High | 26.3 | 23.9 | 26.4 | 15.1 | ||
| Occupation (%) | 0.12 | |||||
| Housewife | 36.8 | 33.2 | 28.7 | 48.2 | < 0.0001 | |
| Employed | 62.8 | 65.7 | 70.1 | 51.1 | ||
| Student | 0.4 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 0.7 | ||
| Physical activity before pregnancy (%) | 24.6 | 26 | 0.52 | 28.8 | 16.7 | 0.002 |
| Smoke (%) | 0.27 | |||||
| No | 77.4 | 80.2 | 80 | 81.1 | 0.06 | |
| Yes | 9.9 | 8.9 | 8 | 11.7 | ||
| Ex | 12.6 | 10.9 | 12 | 7.3 | ||
| Caucasian ethnicity (%) | 48.5 | 37.8 | < 0.0001 | 36.2 | 42.9 | 0.08 |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 41.3 | 42.4 | 0.58 | 38.8 | 54.7 | < 0.0001 |
| First pregnancy (%) | 47.5 | 41.1 | 0.002 | 43.9 | 31.9 | 0.002 |
| Previous GDM (%) | 12.3 | 17.3 | 0.0004 | 14.8 | 25.7 | 0.0002 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 26.0 ± 6.0 | 26.0 ± 5.5 | 0.57 | 25.6 ± 5.5 | 27.4 ± 5.1 | < 0.0001 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI in classes (%) | ||||||
| < 25 | 52.1 | 51.0 | 0.10 | 55.6 | 35.4 | < 0.0001 |
| 25–30 | 26.5 | 30.0 | 27.9 | 37.4 | ||
| > 30 | 21.4 | 19.0 | 16.5 | 27.2 | ||
| Weight gain (kg) | 9.8 ± 5.9 | 9.9 ± 5.3 | 0.98 | 10.2 ± 4.9 | 8.8 ± 6.2 | 0.0002 |
| Blood glucose at first trimester (mg/dl) | 88.9 ± 11.7 | 88.7 ± 11.4 | 0.86 | 86.8 ± 10.5 | 94.6 ± 12.1 | < 0.0001 |
| Diagnostic OGTT (%) | ||||||
| 16–17th week | 12.4 | 16.3 | 0.02 | 12.2 | 32.6 | < 0.0001 |
| 18–24th week | 87.6 | 83.7 | 87.8 | 67.4 | ||
| HbA1c at diagnosis % (mmol/mol) | 32.7 ± 8.3 | 32.7 ± 8.6 | 0.29 | 32.3 ± 7.9 | 34.0 ± 10.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 112.7 ± 13.8 | 111.2 ± 12.8 | 0.06 | 111.3 ± 12.8 | 111.1 ± 12.7 | 0.75 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71.0 ± 9.9 | 69.2 ± 9.2 | < 0.0001 | 69.4 ± 9.2 | 68.7 ± 9.0 | 0.30 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 254.5 ± 51.2 | 247.0 ± 47.8 | 0.04 | 248.1 ± 47.1 | 242.6 ± 50.6 | 0.33 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 68.1 ± 15.1 | 69.3 ± 15.8 | 0.32 | 69.5 ± 15.9 | 68.1 ± 15.4 | 0.52 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 142.0 ± 45.6 | 142.8 ± 44.1 | 0.74 | 143.9 ± 42.1 | 137.6 ± 52.5 | 0.14 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 220.6 ± 102.3 | 186.6 ± 83.1 | < 0.0001 | 183.3 ± 79.7 | 199.8 ± 94.8 | 0.21 |
| Glucose lowering treatment (%) | ||||||
| Diet | 63.2 | 50.5 | < 0.0001 | 56.3 | 31.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Insulin | 36.8 | 49.5 | 43.7 | 68.5 | ||
| Gestational week at delivery | 38.4 ± 1.7 | 38.6 ± 1.4 | 0.03 | 38.7 ± 1.4 | 38.3 ± 1.5 | < 0.0001 |
| Adverse neonatal outcome (%) | 30.3 | 29.1 | 0.52 | 27 | 36.1 | 0.009 |
*p values < 0.05 are in bold and expresses statistically significant between-group differences. Student’s test (for continuous, normally distributed variables), Mann–Whitney test (for continuous, not normally distributed variables) or Chi-square test (for categorical variables)