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. 2021 Jan 25;17(4):1264–1279. doi: 10.1007/s12015-020-10096-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Types of stem cells applied for ischemic heart disease and their therapeutic effects on damaged heart. Various stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac stem cells are investigated for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Each cell has different capacities for therapeutic effects. The main purpose of the application of these cells is the protection and regeneration of cardiomyocytes, cardiac stem cell recruitment and promotion of angiogenesis