| Author, Year | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11 | Q12 | Q13 | Total score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chan 2010 | Y | U | U | U | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8 |
| Choi 2015 | U | U | Y | U | N | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8 |
| Huang 2016 | Y | U | Y | N | U | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9 |
| Innes 2016 | Y | Y | Y | U | NA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 11 |
| Innes 2018 | Y | Y | Y | N | NA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 11 |
| Lai 2005 | Y | U | Y | N | NA | U | Y | Y | u | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8 |
| Lai 2015 | Y | U | Y | N | U | U | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8 |
| Satoh 2015 | U | U | Y | U | U | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 8 |
| Shum 2014 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 10 |
| Wahbeh 2019 | U | U | Y | N | NA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9 |
| Wang 2016 | Y | U | Y | U | NA | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 10 |
| Weise 2020 | Y | Y | Y | U | N | N | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9 |
| Yap 2017 | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | 9 |
Was true randomization used for assignment of participants to treatment groups?
Was allocation to treatment groups concealed?
Were treatment groups similar at the baseline?
Were participants blind to treatment assignment?
Were those delivering treatment blind to treatment assignment?
Were outcomes assessors blind to treatment assignment?
Were treatment groups treated identically other than the intervention of interest?
Was follow up complete and if not, were differences between groups in terms of their follow up adequately described and analyzed?
Were participants analyzed in the groups to which they were randomized?
Were outcomes measured in the same way for treatment groups?
Were outcomes measured in a reliable way?
Was appropriate statistical analysis used?
Was the trial design appropriate, and any deviations from the standard RCT design (individual randomization, parallel groups) accounted for in the conduct and analysis of the trial?