TABLE 2.
Description of measures
| Domain | Measure | Variable | Measure Description | Original Scale |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full Scale IQ | WISC-IV; WISC-V; WAIS-IV | Full Scale IQ | Composite measure of global intellectual ability | Standard Score |
| Verbal Comprehension | WISC-IV; WISC-V; WAIS-IV | Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) | Composite measure of vocabulary, verbal reasoning skill, verbal comprehension ability, and world knowledge | Standard Score |
| Perceptual Reasoning | WISC-IV; WISC-V; WAIS-IV | Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) | Composite measure of visuoconstructional ability and nonverbal, fluid reasoning skill | Standard Score |
| Working Memory | WISC-IV; WISC-V; WAIS-IV | Working Memory Index (WMI) | Composite measure of ability to temporarily store and manipulate information | Standard Score |
| Processing Speed | WISC-IV; WISC-V; WAIS-IV | Processing Speed Index (PSI) | Composite measure of ability to complete simple graphomotor tasks quickly | Standard Score |
| Fine Motor | Grooved Pegboard | Dominant hand | Task assessing speeded fine motor dexterity | Standard Score |
| Switching (Verbal) | DKEFS Verbal Fluency | Category Switching | Measure of cognitive flexibility and rapid retrieval of words | Scaled Score |
| Switching (Graphomotor) | DKEFS Trail Making Test | Number-Letter Switching | Measure of cognitive flexibility and ability to maintain cognitive sets within working memory | Scaled Score |
| Inhibition/Switching | DKEFS Color-Word Interference | Inhibition/Switching | Task assessing cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control | Scaled Score |
| Verbal Learning | CVLT-C; CVLT-II | Total Recall Trials 1-5 | Ability to learn verbal information over multiple learning trials | T-Score |
| Verbal Memory | CVLT-C; CVLT-II | Long Delay Free Recall | Delayed recall of verbal information | Z-Score |
| Visual Learning | NEPSY-II Memory for Designs; WMS-IV Memory for Designs | Immediate Recall | Immediate recall of visuospatial information | Scaled Score |
| Visual Memory | NEPSY-II Memory for Designs; WMS-IV Memory for Designs | Delayed Recall | Delayed recall of visuospatial information | Scaled Score |
| Attention | ||||
| d′ | CPT-II | d′ | Ability to discriminate between target and non-target information | T-Score |
| Omissions | CPT-II | Omissions | Measure of inattention | T-Score |
| Comissions | CPT-II | Comissions | Measure of impulsivity | T-Score |
| Academics | ||||
| Reading Fluency | WJ-III Reading Fluency | Reading Fluency | Ability to read simple sentences quickly | Standard Score |
| Math Fluency | WJ-III Math Fluency | Math Fluency | Ability to quickly solve basic math facts | Standard Score |
| Writing Fluency | WJ-III Writing Fluency | Writing Fluency | Ability to write simple sentences quickly | Standard Score |
Note. WISC-IV = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition; WAIS-IV = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th edition; DKEFS = Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; CVLT-C = California Verbal Learning Test, Children’s Edition; CVLT-II = California Verbal Learning Test, 2nd edition; WMS-IV = Wechsler Memory System, 4th edition; CPT-II = Conners’ Continuous Performance Test, 2nd Edition; KCPT-II = Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test, 2nd Edition; WJ-III = Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement. Standard scores: mean = 100, SD = 15; T-score: mean = 50, SD = 10; scaled score: mean = 10, SD = 3; z-score: mean = 0, SD = 1. Participants under the age of 17 received the WISC-IV or WISC-V, CVLT-C, and NEPSY-II, and participants 17 and older received the WAIS-IV, CVLT-II, and WMS-IV.