TABLE 4.
Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes by treatment group
| Focal | CSI | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRT | XRT | PRT | XRT | |||||||
| Variable | M (SE) | M (SE) | df | F | p | M (SE) | M (SE) | df | F | p |
| FSIQ | 98.0 (2.7) | 92.5 (4.3) | 1,37 | 1.01 | 0.32 | 86.3 (4.5) | 71.3 (7.3) | 1,31 | 2.42 | 0.13 |
| VCI | 101.8 (2.2) | 101.4 (3.6) | 1,36 | 0.00 | 0.95 | 90.2 (4.4) | 80.0 (7.1) | 1,31 | 1.20 | 0.28 |
| PRI | 103.6 (3.2) | 96.3 (5.1) | 1,37 | 1.32 | 0.26 | 92.7 (5.2) | 76.9 (8.4) | 1,31 | 2.06 | 0.16 |
| WMI | 96.4 (2.9) | 95.8 (4.5) | 1,37 | 0.01 | 0.92 | 89.0 (4.4) | 77.8 (7.1) | 1,31 | 1.45 | 0.24 |
| PSI | 87.9 (3.2) | 78.5 (5.1) | 1,37 | 2.17 | 0.15 | 76.0 (2.8) | 72.3 (4.4) | 1,30 | 0.40 | 0.53 |
| Fine Motor | 89.3 (4.2) | 81.4 (6.8) | 1,38 | 0.88 | 0.36 | 63.3 (8.2) | 50.1 (12.9) | 1,30 | 0.59 | 0.45 |
| Switching (Verbal) | 96.6 (3.9) | 87.5 (5.9) | 1,34 | 1.44 | 0.24 | 90.6 (4.0) | 83.0 (6.5) | 1,27 | 0.74 | 0.40 |
| Switching (Graphomotor) | 93.7 (4.0) | 87.5 (5.8) | 1,33 | 0.69 | 0.41 | 82.6 (4.5) | 66.5 (7.5) | 1,28 | 2.59 | 0.12 |
| Inhibition/Switching | 96.9 (3.8) | 81.5 (5.7) | 1,34 | 4.43 | 0.04 | 90.6 (4.0) | 83.0 (6.5) | 1,27 | 0.74 | 0.40 |
| Verbal Learning | 99.3 (3.9) | 93.3 (6.1) | 1,37 | 0.61 | 0.44 | 87.0 (4.5) | 85.7 (7.3) | 1,31 | 0.02 | 0.90 |
| Verbal Memory | 99.3 (3.9) | 92.8 (6.1) | 1,37 | 0.70 | 0.41 | 89.7 (4.9) | 80.1 (8.0) | 1,31 | 0.83 | 0.37 |
| Visual Learning | 101.0 (3.6) | 87.3 (6.0) | 1,36 | 3.43 | 0.07 | 87.4 (4.7) | 81.7 (7.6) | 1,31 | 0.31 | 0.58 |
| Visual Memory | 102.8 (3.7) | 96.1 (6.1) | 1,36 | 0.76 | 0.39 | 93.1 (3.7) | 85.6 (6.0) | 1,31 | 0.90 | 0.35 |
| Attention | ||||||||||
| d′ | 104.8 (3.0) | 92.7 (5.3) | 1,35 | 3.48 | 0.07 | 93.47 (3.6) | 115.06 (6.3) | 1,26 | 6.74 | 0.02 |
| Omissions | 95.3 (3.5) | 90.5 (6.3) | 1,35 | 0.39 | 0.54 | 104.07 (4.9) | 112.61 (8.4) | 1,26 | 0.59 | 0.45 |
| Comissions | 103.5 (2.8) | 97.1 (4.9) | 1,35 | 1.13 | 0.30 | 93.55 (3.7) | 110.95 (6.3) | 1,26 | 4.33 | 0.05 |
| Academics | ||||||||||
| Reading Fluency | 92.2 (3.0) | 81.1 (4.6) | 1,35 | 3.51 | 0.07 | 77.6 (4.3) | 73.6 (6.9) | 1,31 | 0.19 | 0.67 |
| Math Fluency | 87.0 (3.3) | 84.1 (5.1) | 1,36 | 0.20 | 0.66 | 77.0 (3.4) | 71.2 (5.5) | 1,31 | 0.65 | 0.43 |
| Writing Fluency | 89.7 (3.4) | 87.9 (5.4) | 1,38 | 0.07 | 0.80 | 76.3 (3.6) | 77.4 (5.7) | 1,31 | 0.02 | 0.89 |
Note. All results are provided in standard scores (M = 100, SD = 15). Results depict least square means adjusting for covariates (focal group covariates: shunt, interval between RT and evaluation, and total radiation dose; CSI group covariates: posterior fossa boost, Lansky/Karnofsky score, interval between RT and evaluation, and CSI dose). Bold font indicates group differences with p < 0.05. FSIQ = Full Scale Intelligence Quotient, VCI = Verbal Comprehension Index, PRI = Perceptual Reasoning Index, WMI = Working Memory Index, PSI = Processing Speed Index.