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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 27.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2021 Apr 30;144(4):271–282. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.053216

Table 1.

Total Cardiovascular Spending and Aggregated Health Categories. Adult Cardiovascular Spending column is in 2016 $billions. All other columns present percentage of spending.

Aggregate Age Group (years) Type of Payer Type of Care
Spending Rank Cardiovascular Spending Cause Adult Cardiovascular Spending, (95% CI) 20–44 45–64 65+ Public Private Out-of-pocket Inpatient Ambulatory Nursing care facility Prescribed pharmaceuticals Emergency
1 Ischemic Heart Disease 79.8 (72.3, 85.4) 4.5 38.1 57.4 54.3 41.7 3.9 55.3 26.4 4.2 8.4 5.7
2 Hypertension 70.7 (65.0, 77.6) 7.8 40.5 51.7 57.0 35.7 7.3 5.5 66.8 7.9 13.4 6.2
3 Cerebrovascular Disease 37.6 (33.8, 42.1) 6.4 29.5 64.1 56.4 31.8 11.8 53.0 5.0 36.4 1.1 4.6
4 Heart Failure 35.0 (32.5, 38.0) 11.1 28.5 60.4 65.1 26.8 8.1 54.8 13.6 16.4 10.2 4.9
5 Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter 25.6 (22.1, 30.4) 2.2 22.6 75.2 56.4 36.2 7.4 33.1 32.6 16.9 11.7 5.7
6 Hyperlipidemia 23.6 (21.7, 26.3) 6.7 44.5 48.8 49.1 43.0 7.9 6.6 36.7 5.2 50.9 0.5
7 Other Cardiovascular Disease 22.6 (19.6, 26.0) 13.0 35.5 51.5 53.9 41.6 4.6 47.9 41.1 4.5 2.7 3.8
8 Endocarditis 10.2 (5.1, 33.8) 4.0 39.8 56.2 52.4 44.6 3.0 87.8 9.1 2.8 0.2 0.0
9 Peripheral Arterial Disease 6.3 (5.5, 7.2) 1.8 32.6 65.6 62.7 32.0 5.2 62.8 13.2 22.5 1.3 0.3
10 Aortic Aneurysm 5.0 (4.5, 5.5) 10.4 30.3 59.3 63.1 34.4 2.5 89.3 8.4 2.0 0.0 0.2
11 Rheumatic Heart Disease 3.8 (1.4, 5.0) 6.7 14.9 78.4 67.0 30.4 2.6 87.1 10.8 1.0 0.0 1.1