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. 2021 Jul 27;12:4535. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24781-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — A Uniform manifold approximation projection (UMAP) plot of scRNA-seq of normal human retinal cells including retinal progenitor cells and all adult retinal cell types. B UMAP plot of scRNA-seq of human retinoblastoma from patient tumors, O-PDXs, and organoid-derived tumors. The label transfer for cell identity is displayed, and the overall numbers are represented in the piechart in the upper left corner. C Representative UMAP plot of one of the organoid-derived tumors showing cells with the progenitor cell signature and rod signature and the relative distribution of gene expression profile for proliferation. D Barplot of the proportion of single cells with the retinal progenitor cell gene expression signature and the rod signature for each tumor (upper panel) and the proportion of those cells that are proliferating (S/G2/M, lower panel) for each tumor analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (n = 19). E, F UMAP plot of gene expression for normal retina and retinoblastoma for a representative retinal progenitor cell gene (HES6) and a photoreceptor gene (AIPL1). G, H, I Violin plot of the distribution of expression of a progenitor gene (HES6), a photoreceptor gene (AIPL1) and a cone gene (PDE6H) across retinal cell types and retinoblastomas. The colors match the colors in (A, B).