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. 2021 Jul 27;12:4548. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24799-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Images of kidneys (top panel) and axial MRI (bottom panel) from Pkd1^RC/RC mice treated with or without cystic cell-derived EVs/exosomes. Scale bars, 5 mm. b Histological examination of kidneys from Pkd1^RC/RC mice treated with or without cystic cell-derived EVs/exosomes. Scale bars, 1 mm. c MRI images from Pkd1^RC/RC mice treated with or without cystic cell-derived EVs/exosomes. Scale bars, 1 mm. d Treatment with cystic cell-derived EVs/exosomes increased cyst index in kidneys from Pkd1^RC/RC mice treated with cystic exosomes (n = 5) compared to that in control mice treated with PBS (n = 5). Treatment with cystic exosomes increased KW/BW ratios (e) and BUN levels (f) in Pkd1^RC/RC mice compared to those in control mice treated with PBS. g Total kidney volume (TKV) was calculated by MRI scan in each group. h Treatment with cystic cell EVs/exosomes increased cyst-lining epithelial and interstitial cell proliferation in kidneys from Pkd1^RC/RC mice as detected with PCNA staining. Scale bars, 100 μm. i The percentage of PCNA-positive cells was calculated from an average of 1000 nuclei per mouse kidney section. j qRT-PCR analysis of PCNA mRNA expression in kidneys from Pkd1^RC/RC mice treated with cystic cell EVs/exosomes or PBS. k Western blot analysis of the phosphorylation and total proteins of AKT, mTOR, S6, Rb, STAT3 and ERK in kidneys from Pkd1^RC/RC mice treated with cystic cell EVs/exosomes or PBS. All statistical data are represented as mean ± SEM, and p values are calculated by unpaired Student’s t-test.