Table 4.
Results of exploratory analysis of intersectional HIV and substance use stigma on primary and secondary outcomes.
| Unadjusted logistic regression | Adjusted propensity score logistic regression* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95% CI) | zvalue | p-Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | z-value | p-Value | |
| Primary outcomes: | ||||||
| Poor access to general healthcare in past year | ||||||
| High HIV stigma (≥22), Low SU stigma (<59) | 0.87 (0.32, 2.24) | −0.28 | 0.78 | 1.17 (0.73, 1.87) | 0.66 | 0.51 |
| High SU stigma (≥59), Low HIV stigma (<22) | 1.63 (0.73, 3.67) | 1.19 | 0.23 | 2.16 (1.38, 3.42) | 3.34 | <0.001 |
| High both stigma | 1.78 (0.82, 3.90) | 1.45 | 0.15 | 1.86 (1.19, 2.92) | 2.71 | 0.007 |
| Recent general outpatient care in past 3 months | ||||||
| High HIV stigma (≥22), Low SU stigma (<59) | 1.50 (0.58, 3.81) | 0.85 | 0.40 | 0.70 (0.44, 1.13) | −1.47 | 0.14 |
| High SU stigma (≥59), Low HIV stigma (<22) | 0.69 (0.26, 1.72) | −0.78 | 0.43 | 0.48 (0.29, 0.79) | −2.83 | 0.005 |
| High both stigma | 0.62 (0.23, 1.54) | −1.01 | 0.31 | 0.52 (0.32, 0.85) | −2.59 | 0.009 |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||
| Recent any inpatient care in past 3 months | ||||||
| High HIV stigma (≥22), Low SU stigma (<59) | 1.14 (0.05,12.34) | 0.10 | 0.92 | 0.30 (0.12, 0.68) | −2.73 | 0.006 |
| High SU stigma (≥59), Low HIV stigma (<22) | 2.48 (0.39, 19.40) | 0.97 | 0.33 | 0.58 (0.27, 1.17) | −1.50 | 0.13 |
| High both stigma | 4.83 (1.06, 34.04) | 1.87 | 0.06 | 0.48 (0.22, 0.99) | −1.94 | 0.05 |
| Recent HIV care in past 3 months | ||||||
| High HIV stigma (≥22), Low SU stigma (<59) | 1.14 (0.41, 3.40) | 0.25 | 0.80 | 0.78 (0.48, 1.27) | −0.99 | 0.32 |
| High SU stigma (≥59), Low HIV stigma (<22) | 1.93 (0.73, 5.54) | 1.28 | 0.20 | 1.61 (0.94, 2.77) | 1.74 | 0.08 |
| High both stigma | 0.84 (0.36, 1.98) | −0.40 | 0.69 | 0.92 (0.56, 1.49) | −0.34 | 0.73 |
| Recent substance use and/or mental health care in past 3 months | ||||||
| High HIV stigma (≥22), Low SU stigma (<59) | 1.40 (0.50, 3.77) | 0.66 | 0.51 | 0.91 (0.55, 1.52) | −0.35 | 0.72 |
| High SU stigma (≥59), Low HIV stigma (<22) | 1.02 (0.39, 2.59) | 0.04 | 0.97 | 1.20 (0.73, 1.98) | 0.73 | 0.46 |
| High both stigma | 1.48 (0.61, 3.53) | 0.88 | 0.38 | 1.56 (0.97, 2.52) | 1.83 | 0.07 |
The comparison group are those with both low HIV (<22) and low SU (<59) stigma scores.
*
The partially adjusted models for gender (female vs. male), depressive symptoms (CES-D≥16 vs. <16), recent substance use (past 30 days), transactional sex (past 12 months). Weights were truncated at the 99th percentile due to large weights.