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Major roles of immune cells in anti-tumor immunity. Dendritic cells uptake, process, and present tumor antigens as MHC-peptide complexes to educate T cells in lymph nodes. Activated T cells and NK cells kill tumor cells by secreting perforin, granzyme B, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Macrophages engulf tumor cells or kill them with IFN-γ, TNF-α, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Created with BioRender.com
