Fig. 2.

Mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9 as a genome editing tool. The Cas9-gRNA complex makes its way to the target sequence: a the Cas9 nuclease cuts the desired specific sequences. b This process leads to the formation of DSB, which will be consequently repaired by the cell’s DSB repair pathways. c In NHEJ, the breaks are repaired by creating insertions or deletions (indels). d HDR, on the other hand, makes use of a donor template which leads to a precise modification