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. 2021 Jul 13;11(3):217–233. doi: 10.1007/s13534-021-00199-4

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

CRISPR-Cas9 system delivery by physical methods. a Microinjection: The cargoes are delivered using a microscopic needle which can penetrate through the cell membrane and nuclear membrane. b Electroporation: The cell membrane is perturbed through the use of voltage; the presence of pores allows the cargoes to be delivered onto their designated sites