Table 12.
Percentage point variation in the share of individuals able to work under the lockdown due to imperfect compliance, by individual characteristics and by country
| Countries | Male | Female | Below 9 years of education | Above 9 years of education | Rural | Urban | Informal | Formal | Size firm—small | Size firm—medium | Size firm—large | Quintile total labour income—first | Quintile total labour income—second | Quintile total labour income—third | Quintile total labour income—fourth | Quintile total labour income—fifth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.14 |
| Argentina a | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.11 | |
| Bahamas a | ||||||||||||||||
| Barbados | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |||||||
| Belize | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.07 | |||||
| Bolivia | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| Brazil | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.15 |
| Chile | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.08 |
| Colombia | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.06 |
| Costa Rica | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Dominican Republic | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.09 |
| Ecuador | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.10 |
| El Salvador | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.11 |
| Guatemala | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.18 |
| Jamaica | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.06 | ||
| Mexico | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.16 |
| Nicaragua | ||||||||||||||||
| Paraguay | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.12 |
| Peru | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.16 |
| Uruguay | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Venezuela | 0.21 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.21 |
Source: Harmonised Household Surveys of Latin America and the Caribbean and Oxford Stringency Index and Google Workplace Mobility Data, authors’ own calculations
Notes: The shares for the entire LAC region have been calculated as a weighted average of the population in each country, excluding Argentina and the Bahamas, which are not representative at the national level, and Nicaragua to be consistent with the scenario under imperfect compliance. The Bahamas and Nicaragua are the two countries for which we are not able to conduct this exercise. For the Bahamas, we cannot calculate non-compliance; and for Nicaragua, there was no lockdown. For the other countries, when the information was not available, we leave the cells as empty
a Sample restricted to urban areas