Table 16.
Mean loss labour income rate with perfect compliance, by individual characteristics and by country
| Countries | Male | Female | Below 9 years of education | Above 9 years of education | Rural | Urban | Informal | Formal | Size firm—small | Size firm—medium | Size firm—large | Quintile total labour income—first | Quintile total labour income—second | Quintile total labour income—third | Quintile total labour income—fourth | Quintile total labour income—fifth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.08 |
| Argentina a | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.12 | |
| Bahamas a | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.08 | |||||
| Barbados | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |||||||
| Belize | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 | |||||
| Bolivia | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| Brazil | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.07 |
| Chile | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.08 |
| Colombia | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.05 |
| Costa Rica | 0.008 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.009 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.006 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.006 |
| Dominican Republic | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.08 |
| Ecuador | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
| El Salvador | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.11 |
| Guatemala | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.15 |
| Jamaica | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.007 | 0.01 | 0.008 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | ||
| Mexico | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.08 |
| Nicaragua | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Paraguay | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
| Peru | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.13 |
| Uruguay | 0.008 | 0.01 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.006 | 0.009 | 0.01 | 0.008 | 0.007 | 0.01 | 0.007 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.009 | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Venezuela | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.13 |
Source: Harmonised Household Surveys of Latin America and the Caribbean, authors’ own calculations
Notes: The rates for the entire LAC region have been calculated as a weighted average of the population in each country, excluding (i) Argentina and the Bahamas that are not representative at the national level and (ii) Nicaragua to be consistent with the scenario under imperfect compliance. When the information was not available, we leave the cells as empty
a Sample restricted to urban areas