Table 19.

Percentage point variation in the mean loss labour income rate due to imperfect compliance, by individual characteristics and by country

Countries	Male	Female	Below 9 years of education	Above 9 years of education	Rural	Urban	Informal	Formal	Size firm—small	Size firm—medium	Size firm—large	Quintile total labour income—first	Quintile total labour income—second	Quintile total labour income—third	Quintile total labour income—fourth	Quintile total labour income—fifth
All	− 0.03	− 0.04	− 0.04	− 0.03	− 0.02	− 0.04	− 0.04	− 0.03	− 0.04	− 0.04	− 0.03	− 0.04	− 0.04	− 0.04	− 0.04	− 0.03
Argentina a	− 0.04	− 0.04	− 0.05	− 0.03	− 0.04	− 0.10	− 0.05	− 0.03	− 0.05	− 0.04	− 0.02	− 0.06	− 0.05	− 0.05	− 0.04	− 0.03
Bahamas a
Barbados	− 0.003	− 0.002	− 0.003	− 0.002								− 0.003	− 0.003	− 0.003	− 0.002	− 0.002
Belize	− 0.007	− 0.01	− 0.009	− 0.009	− 0.007	− 0.01						− 0.01	− 0.01	− 0.01	− 0.01	− 0.01
Bolivia	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.01	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.008	− 0.02	− 0.01	− 0.007	− 0.01	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.01	− 0.01
Brazil	− 0.04	− 0.05	− 0.05	− 0.04	− 0.02	− 0.04	− 0.05	− 0.04	− 0.05	− 0.06	− 0.04	− 0.05	− 0.05	− 0.04	− 0.04	− 0.03
Chile	− 0.03	− 0.02	− 0.03	− 0.02	− 0.008	− 0.03	− 0.03	− 0.02	− 0.04	− 0.03	− 0.02	− 0.03	− 0.02	− 0.03	− 0.03	− 0.02
Colombia	− 0.01	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.009	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.01	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.01	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.01
Costa Rica	− 0.002	− 0.004	− 0.003	− 0.003	− 0.003	− 0.003	− 0.003	− 0.003	− 0.003	− 0.005	− 0.002	− 0.003	− 0.003	− 0.003	− 0.003	− 0.002
Dominican Republic	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.01	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.01	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02
Ecuador	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.01	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.01	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.009	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.01
El Salvador	− 0.03	− 0.04	− 0.03	− 0.03	− 0.03	− 0.04	− 0.03	− 0.03	− 0.03	− 0.03	− 0.02	− 0.04	− 0.03	− 0.04	− 0.04	− 0.03
Guatemala	− 0.06	− 0.07	− 0.07	− 0.07	− 0.06	− 0.07	− 0.07	− 0.06	− 0.07	− 0.06	− 0.07	− 0.05	− 0.05	− 0.07	− 0.08	− 0.07
Jamaica	− 0.002	− 0.004	− 0.002	− 0.003	− 0.002	− 0.003			− 0.002	− 0.004	− 0.002	− 0.01	− 0.01	− 0.008	− 0.007	− 0.005
Mexico	− 0.04	− 0.03	− 0.04	− 0.03	− 0.02	− 0.04	− 0.03	− 0.03	− 0.03	− 0.03	− 0.04	− 0.03	− 0.04	− 0.04	− 0.04	− 0.03
Nicaragua
Paraguay	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.01	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.01	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.01	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02	− 0.02
Peru	− 0.05	− 0.05	− 0.04	− 0.05	− 0.02	− 0.06	− 0.05	− 0.03	− 0.06	− 0.05	− 0.02	− 0.04	− 0.05	− 0.05	− 0.05	− 0.04
Uruguay	− 0.002	− 0.003	− 0.003	− 0.003	− 0.002	− 0.003	− 0.004	− 0.002	− 0.002	− 0.004	− 0.002	− 0.004	− 0.004	− 0.003	− 0.002	− 0.002
Venezuela	− 0.05	− 0.03	− 0.05	− 0.03			− 0.05	− 0.03	− 0.05	− 0.04	− 0.02	− 0.04	− 0.04	− 0.05	− 0.04	− 0.05

Source: Harmonised Household Surveys of Latin America and the Caribbean and Oxford Stringency Index and Google Workplace Mobility Data, authors’ own calculations

Notes: The rates for the entire LAC region have been calculated as a weighted average of the population in each country, excluding Argentina and the Bahamas, which are not representative at the national level, and Nicaragua to be consistent with the scenario under imperfect compliance. When the information was not available, we leave the cells as empty

^a Sample restricted to urban areas