Table 1.
Patient characteristics stratified by coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherothrombotic stroke (ATS).
| Study characteristics | Measure | All patients (N = 2894) | Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | Atherothrombotic stroke (ATS) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-CAD (n = 2603) | CAD+ AMI-(n = 180) | CAD+ AMI+ (n = 111) | P-value | Non-ATS (n = 2792) | ATS (n = 102) | P-value | |||
| Age (years) | Median (IQR) | 66.6 (49.1–77.8) | 64.3 (47.3–76.9) | 78.1 (72.2–84.4) | 71.4 (58.7–82.8) | < 0.001 | 65.9 (48.4–77.5) | 77.8(71.4–86.3) | < 0.001 |
| Male Sex | No (%) | 1975 (68.2%) | 1756 (67.5%) | 140 (77.8%) | 79 (71.2%) | 0.013 | 1910 (68.4%) | 65 (63.7%) | 0.318 |
| BMI | Mean (SD) | 21.1 (4.2) | 21.2 (4.2) | 21.8 (3.8) | 21.8 (3.5) | 0.019 | 21.3 (2.9) | 21.5 (4.4) | 0.545 |
| Smoking | No. (%) | 930 (40.5%) | 822(40.3%) | 73(44.5%) | 35(38.5%) | 0.523 | 897 (40.6%) | 33 (38.4%) | 0.681 |
| Alcoholism | No. (%) | 81 (2.8%) | 74 (2.8%) | 4 (2.2%) | 3 (2.7%) | 0.886 | 78 (2.8%) | 3 (3%) | 0.901 |
| DM | No. (%) | 533 (18.5%) | 434 (16.7%) | 72 (40%) | 27 (24.3%) | < 0.001 | 489 (17.5%) | 44 (44%) | < 0.001 |
| HTN | No. (%) | 1052(36.4%) | 842 (32.4%) | 145 (80.6%) | 65 (58.6%) | < 0.001 | 968 (34.7%) | 84 (84%) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer | No. (%) | 459 (15.9%) | 398 (15.3%) | 38 (21.1%) | 23 (20.7%) | 0.044 | 439 (15.8%) | 20 (20%) | 0.253 |
| CKD Stage ≥ 3 | No. (%) | 970 (33.5%) | 858 (32.9%) | 77 (42.8%) | 35 (31.5%) | 0.024 | 922 (33%) | 48 (48%) | 0.002 |
| Asthma | No. (%) | 123 (4.2%) | 99 (3.8%) | 15 (8.3%) | 4 (3.6%) | 0.012 | 114 (4.1%) | 4 (4%) | 0.968 |
| COPD | No. (%) | 451 (15.6%) | 365 (14.0%) | 66 (36.7%) | 20 (18.0%) | < 0.001 | 428 (15.3%) | 23 (23%) | 0.037 |
| Bronchiectasis | No. (%) | 121 (4.2%) | 106 (4.1%) | 9 (5.0%) | 6 (5.4%) | 0.672 | 119 (4.3%) | 2 (2%) | 0.267 |
| Pneumoconiosis | No. (%) | 35 (1.2%) | 30 (1.2%) | 4 (2.2%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0.426 | 35 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.260 |
| Liver cirrhosis | No. (%) | 50 (1.7%) | 45 (1.7%) | 2 (1.1%) | 3 (2.7%) | 0.599 | 49 (1.8%) | 1 (1%) | 0.570 |
| History of transplant | No. (%) | 26 (.9%) | 20 (0.8%) | 3 (1.7%) | 3 (2.7%) | 0.057 | 25 (0.9%) | 1 (1%) | 0.913 |
| HIV | No. (%) | 65 (2.3%) | 61 (2.3%) | 1 (0.6%) | 3 (2.7%) | 0.278 | 65 (2.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.123 |
| CAD | No. (%) | 291 (10.0%) | 0 (0%) | 180(100%) | 111(100%) | - | 253 (9.1%) | 38 (37.3%) | < 0.001 |
| ATS | No. (%) | 102 (3.5%) | 64 (2.5%) | 21(11.7%) | 17(15.3%) | < 0.001 | 0 (0%) | 102 (100%) | - |
| Baseline lipid levels | |||||||||
| LDL (n = 170)* | Mean (SD) | 90.7 (36.9) | 91.5 (37.9) | 89.3 (39.3) | 84.5 (21.9) | 0.792 | 91.2 (37.6) | 83.3 (23.3) | 0.492 |
| HDL (n = 249)* | Mean (SD) | 35.5 (14.8) | 35.1 (14.3) | 38.9 (14.2) | 38.3 (21.3) | 0.528 | 35.5 (14.3) | 36.3 (21.7) | 0.837 |
| TCHOL (n = 429)* | Mean (SD) | 152.2 (51.3) | 152.4 (53.0) | 155.3 (42.6) | 144.2 (28.1) | 0.623 | 152.5 (52.0) | 145.7 (33.0) | 0.057 |
| TG (n = 495)* | Mean (SD) | 109.3 (79.1) | 110.6 (81.1) | 95.4 (49.7) | 111.1 (85.6) | 0.928 | 110.9 (80.4) | 81.7 (44.3) | 0.067 |
| TB disease characteristics | |||||||||
| Initial AFB smear positivity | No. (%) | 1215 (42.8%) | 1096 (42.8%) | 62 (35.2%) | 57 (53.8%) | 0.009 | 1179 (42.9%) | 36 (37.9%) | 0.330 |
| Initial AFB smear grade | Median (IQR) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–3) | 0.002 | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 0.127 |
| Prior TB | No. (%) | 98 (6.1%) | 83 (5.8%) | 10 (9.6%) | 5 (6.8%) | 0.291 | 96 (6.3%) | 2 (3.2%) | 0.318 |
| Cavitary disease | No. (%) | 413 (14.3%) | 390 (14.9%) | 13 (7.2%) | 10 (9.0%) | 0.004 | 406 (14.5%) | 7 (7%) | 0.034 |
| Cardiovascular drug use | |||||||||
| Metformin users | No. (%) | 252 (8.7%) | 208 (7.9%) | 33(18.3%) | 11 (9.9%) | < 0.001 | 236 (8.5%) | 16 (16%) | 0.008 |
| Statin users | No. (%) | 154 (5.3%) | 97 (3.7%) | 39 (21.7%) | 18 (16.2%) | < 0.001 | 140 (5.0%) | 14 (14%) | < 0.001 |
| Calcium channel blocker users | No. (%) | 391 (13.5%) | 308(11.8%) | 52(28.9%) | 31(27.9%) | < 0.001 | 351 (12.6%) | 40 (40%) | < 0.001 |
| Outcomes | |||||||||
| All-cause mortality | No. (%) | 544/2667 (20.4%) | 455 (19.0%) | 50 (29.6%) | 39 (37.1%) | < 0.001 | 499 (19.4%) | 45 (44.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Infection-related mortality | No. (%) | 303/2667 (11.4%) | 252 (10.5%) | 28 (16.6%) | 23 (21.9%) | < 0.001 | 279 (10.9%) | 24 (25.3%) | < 0.001 |
| 2-month Sputum-culture positivity | No. (%) | 265/1640 (16.2%) | 240 (16.2%) | 11 (10.8%) | 14 (23.3%) | 0.107 | 257 (16.2%) | 8 (14.8%) | 0.785 |
| 2-month Sputum-smear AFB positive | No. (%) | 118/1640 (7.2%) | 109 (7.4%) | 4 (3.9%) | 5 (8.3%) | 0.402 | 114 (7.2%) | 4 (7.4%) | 0.951 |
AFB: Acid-fast bacilli; BMI: Body mass index; ATS: Atherothrombotic stroke, CAD: Coronary artery disease; CAD + AMI + : Coronary artery disease with history of Acute myocardial infarction; CAD + AMI-: Coronary artery disease without history of Acute myocardial infarction; CCB: Calcium channel blocker; CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; CHF: Congestive heart failure; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA: Cerebrovascular accident; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HDL: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HTN: Hypertension; IQR, Interquartile range; LDL: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; PVD: Peripheral vascular disease; SD: Standard deviation. * Lipid levels were available only for a subset of the population.