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. 2021 Jul 14;8:663608. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.663608

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Copyright © 2021 Hu, Xie, Wang, Gu, Mo, Wen, Zhao, Yang, Möller, Zhao and Xie.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Radar charts summarizing the main criteria of the performance evaluation. Data are expressed as the score calculated based on the proposed scoring system. Scores for three simulated COVID-19 phenotypes are superimposed on the same chart (IR, increased airway resistance; LC, low compliance; LCIE, low compliance plus increased respiratory effort; HC, high compliance). The following five characteristics are summarized for each ventilator (clock-wise): the stability of pressurization (pressure), response to leaks alteration (leak), volume delivery (volume), performance of reaction (reaction), and accuracy in oxygen delivery (oxygen). (A) Non-invasive ventilators with single-circuit connection. (B) ICU ventilators with non-invasive ventilation mode and double-circuit connection.