Table 2.
Pharmacological characteristics of popular LAIA
| Agents | Half-life (day) | Tmax (day) | Formulation technology | Frequency | Oral AP stabilization | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RLAIA | 3−6 | 28−35 | Microsphere preparation | BM | 3 weeks | Needs refrigeration |
| OP | 30 | 7 | Crystalline salt with OZP and pamoic acid | OM | No need | Post-injection delirium |
| PP1 | 24−49 | 13 | Nanocrystal | OM | No need | Needs two consecutive loading doses of PP1 with first 234 mg and then 156-mg dose after 7 to 10 days, necessarily on del-toid muscle |
| PP3 | 84−95 | 30−33 | Larger nanocrystals | 3-monthly | No need | Stabilized on the PP1 prepara-tion before the first of PP3 |
| AOM | 29.9−46.5 | 6.5−7.1 | Polymorphic mono-hydrate−water preparation | OM | 2 weeks | - |
| AL | 29.2−34.9 | 3−5 | Prodrug approach | OM, 6-week, 2-monthly | 3 weeks | - |
| HD | 21 | 1−6 | A sesame oil formulation | OM | Oral AP stabilization at least 3 weeks and up to 3 months; no needs if loading doses are applied | Needs initiation of a 25 mg IM test dose, followed one week later by 50 mg IM, after which once-monthly |
LAIAs, long acting injectable antipsychotics; AP, antipsychotic; RLAIA, risperidone LAIA; OP, olanzapine pamoate; PP1, paliperidone palmitate once-monthly; PP3, PP 3-monthly; AOM, aripiprazole once-monthly; AL, aripiprazole lauroxil; HD, haloperidol decanoate; BW, biweekly; OZP, olanzapine; OM, onece-monthly; IM, intramuscular; SCZ, schizophrenia.