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Relationship between N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypoactivation and oxidative stress. NMDARs have redox sites, including glutamate ionotropic NMDAR type subunit 1 (GRIN1) and GRIN2A. Glutathione (GSH) can mediate the potentiation of currents. GRIN1 can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and down-regulate the mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant defenses. Glu, glutamate; Gly, glycine; Ca, calcium.
